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With the continuous development of electronic technology, lithium-ion batteries have gradually entered our daily lives. Whether it is smartphones or tablets, lithium-ion batteries can be seen. Generally speaking, consumer electronic products are updated and replaced quickly. Therefore, the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries is generally designed to be more than 500 times, which basically meets the needs. However, regarding some areas that require long-term use, For example, the design lifespan of electric vehicles generally needs to reach about ten years. To meet the demand for such a long service life, the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries generally needs to be designed to exceed 1000 cycles, or even 3000 cycles. This requires us to have a deep understanding of the mechanisms of lithium-ion battery aging and degradation.

There are many factors that affect the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries, such as the composition and structure of electrodes, the selection of electrolyte, and the conditions of use.

The electrolyte of lithium-ion batteries generally contains solvent salts (commonly LiPF6) and straight chain carbonates, such as DMC, EMC and DEC, as well as cyclic carbonates, such as EC and PC. Due to the high electrochemical potential of the lithium-ion battery system, the positive pole is generally more than 4V, and the negative pole can reach about 0.1V, so the electrolyte in the lithium-ion battery faces a double test, which can neither be oxidized by the positive pole nor reduced by the negative pole, In order to improve the electrochemical stability of the electrolyte, some additives, such as FEC, VC, etc., will be added. During the initial charging of the lithium ion battery, these additives will react with the negative electrode and be reduced, thus forming a protective layer on the surface of the negative electrode, thus preventing the solvent from further reacting with the negative electrode.

However, it is difficult to prevent analysis and oxidation during the cycling process of the electrolyte, resulting in the loss of some active Li. In order to study the changes that occur in the electrolyte during battery aging, XaverMonnighoff et al. from the University of Minster in Germany used supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and gas chromatography to decompose the composition of the electrolyte in the aging battery, and 17 unstable aging products were found in the electrolyte, Seven of them have never been reported in previous literature.

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