-Analysis of safety hazards related to lithium-ion batteries

Analysis of safety hazards related to lithium-ion batteries
author:enerbyte source:本站 click281 Release date: 2023-06-19 09:23:53
abstract:
The frequent explosion incidents of mobile phone batteries are partly due to the failure of protective circuits, but more importantly, there is no fundamental solution to the problem in terms of materials. Lithium cobalt ion positive electrode active material is a mature sys...

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The frequent explosion incidents of mobile phone batteries are partly due to the failure of protective circuits, but more importantly, there is no fundamental solution to the problem in terms of materials.

Lithium cobalt ion positive electrode active material is a mature system in small cells, but after being fully charged, there is still a large amount of lithium left in the positive electrode. When overcharged, the remaining lithium in the positive electrode will surge towards the negative electrode, and the formation of dendrites on the negative electrode is an inevitable result of overcharging batteries using lithium cobalt ion material. Even during normal charging and discharging processes, there may be excess lithium dissociating to the negative electrode to form dendrites, The theoretical specific energy of lithium cobalt oxide ion material exceeds 270 milliamperes per gram, but to ensure its cycling performance, the actual capacity used is only half of the theoretical capacity. During use, due to certain reasons (such as damage to the management system), the charging voltage of the battery is too high, and the remaining lithium ions in the positive electrode will be released. After passing through the electrolyte, they will deposit in the form of metallic lithium ions on the surface of the negative electrode to form dendrites. The dendrites pierce the diaphragm, forming an internal short circuit.

The important component of electrolyte is carbonate, which has a low flash point and boiling point, and can burn or even explode under certain conditions. If the battery overheats, it will cause the carbonate in the electrolyte to be oxidized and reduced, resulting in a large amount of gas and more heat. If there is a lack of safety valve or the gas cannot be released through the safety valve in time, the internal pressure of the battery will rise sharply and cause an explosion.

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