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On April 22, a video of a famous brand electric vehicle in the garage suddenly caught fire on microblog. The vehicles in the video suddenly burst into flames and ignited several cars nearby, causing heavy losses. Since this year, many accidents have occurred to the brand. According to relevant reports, an electric vehicle of this brand hit a tree and caught fire in Florida, USA in February. After being towed to the parking lot by the police, it still spontaneously ignited at least three times.

Not only the electric vehicles, but also the electric buses with large passenger capacity and intensive shifts also have frequent accidents: in September 2018, Yueyang, Hunan Province released a report that two pure electric buses ignited spontaneously, and in the same month, six electric buses in Fenghua, Ningbo caught fire

The frequent spontaneous combustion of electric vehicles will once again push the safety problem of electric vehicles to the forefront of the wind, and also ring the alarm bell for the new energy vehicle industry.

According to incomplete statistics, more than 40 electric vehicle fires have occurred nationwide in 2018, including passenger cars, buses, logistics vehicles and other different types of vehicles, and 8 new energy logistics vehicle self ignition accidents have occurred in Shenzhen alone. The bus is the main means of transportation for people to travel. Once a safety accident occurs, the consequences will be unimaginable.

Who is the fault of frequent fire?

In recent years, China's new energy vehicle industry has achieved leapfrog development under the guidance of national policies. With the market competition becoming fiercer, all enterprises are scrambling to advance towards high energy density batteries. Power batteries with higher energy density and lower production cost have become the only choice for many manufacturers. Perhaps, in this competition, the seeds of danger have already been quietly buried.

In 2018, the Equipment Industry Development Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the Notice on Carrying out Special Investigation on Safety Hazards of New Energy Passenger Cars and Trucks, requiring enterprises to carry out investigation on safety hazards of new energy vehicles. As an indispensable part of new energy vehicles, the safety of power batteries has always been the focus of attention.

By analyzing the causes behind the electric vehicle fire, it is not difficult to find that most of the causes point to the power battery, which is caused by both the quality of the battery itself and the material characteristics. Once the lithium battery catches fire, the fire will spread very fast, and the severe combustion temperature may reach 600-1000 ℃, while releasing a large amount of toxic gas.

At present, the most widely used high energy density batteries are mainly ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries. The ternary lithium ion battery will decompose at about 200 ℃ and release oxygen molecules. It can be said that it has its own oxygen reservoir and burns more violently. The ternary lithium battery was once prohibited from being included in the recommended directory for the promotion and application of new energy buses. At present, there is no ternary battery used in the field of new energy buses in the market.

Lithium titanate battery should not be ignored

Wang Zidong, director of the power battery laboratory of China Northern Vehicle Research Institute, once said, "Most electric vehicles catch fire during or just after charging." The author believes that charging is only an inducement, and we need to see the essence through the phenomenon.

In the rapid pursuit of high energy density, the lithium titanate battery with high safety performance was once ignored because of its low energy density. Some scholars call lithium titanate material a "zero strain material". It is not easy to produce lithium crystal branches with strong metal activity in the battery charging and discharging reaction, and it is almost impossible to produce the SEI film that must be produced by graphite anode (the anode used in high energy density batteries such as lithium ternary batteries is graphite). This layer of SEI film has poor thermal stability. It is easy to decompose at high temperature and release a lot of heat, which leads to a high risk of fire and explosion. Lithium titanate battery materials that hardly form SEI film can perfectly avoid this problem.

The professional organization tested the lithium titanate battery and found that the lithium titanate battery still did not smoke, catch fire or explode when tested under harsh conditions such as acupuncture, extrusion and short circuit; Under the condition of 20 ℃± 5 ℃, the single lithium titanate battery was put aside for 1 hour, and then burned in the fire. The battery began to react after 50 minutes. Obviously, the safety of lithium titanate battery is much higher than other lithium batteries.

Energy density or safety performance

Under the influence of many factors such as mileage anxiety, ternary lithium and other batteries with high energy density and unstable safety performance are sought after, while lithium titanate batteries with high safety performance and relatively weak energy density are repeatedly ignored.

Is it the pursuit of mileage or safety? The author believes that the safety and stability of new energy vehicles is the most important indicator in this competition.

No matter how long the driving range is, if the safety problem cannot be solved, it is just a car with an indefinite bomb. A pure electric bus carrying passengers, driving in the crowded downtown, a high-speed collision, the consequences will be unimaginable

In fact, the mileage anxiety of passenger cars does not apply to buses. Different batteries are used in different fields, which is the essence of the market and technology. As a fixed station and fixed mileage operating vehicle, buses do not need extra long mileage. The advantage of the lithium titanate battery for quick charging in 6 minutes allows the bus to use the short time between drivers at the station for fast charging, which does not affect the operation efficiency of the bus at all. In fact, as the largest manufacturer of lithium titanate batteries in China, Yinlong new energy lithium titanate electric vehicles have been operating steadily in more than 100 cities at home and abroad, and have been fully affirmed by the bus group.

The market needs safe products. Luo Junjie, Deputy Director of the Equipment Industry Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology would speed up the implementation of the mandatory national standards for the safety of new energy vehicles and strengthen the safety supervision of the new energy vehicle industry. The development of power battery determines the future of pure electric vehicles. The frequent fire accidents of new energy vehicles show that it is biased to only take the battery energy density as the only indicator. The research, development and production of products should be based on the rational judgment of the market, the innovative development of material technology, and the safety of people's lives and property.

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