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For a long time, power demand has been considered to be relatively inert. Of course, it fluctuates: people get up in the morning, turn on the lights, go to work, and turn on the machines. In a rich consumer society, the biggest peak is often at night, when millions of consumers return home and realize the function of turning on large screen TVs and putting frozen food in microwave ovens in the real society. When everyone turns on their AC, the demand during the heat wave is significantly greater.

But without war or disaster, you can't do anything about these natural cycles, can you?

Error. Among the many major changes that have taken place in the American power industry, entrepreneurs, utilities, policy makers and the most important consumers have the possibility to meet flexible demand by using "smart" appliances, electric vehicles (EVs) and batteries.

This may be a great help to the power grid. WoodMackenzie Power&Renewables (formerly GTMResearch) defines demand side flexibility as: "The ability of hardware and software to combine to create the load shape required by utilities and market operators.

What they don't say is that those who are heavily involved in research and prediction of renewable energy penetration will work on the grid have been saying for many years: When you transfer demand, you can integrate higher levels of solar and wind energy without having to reply to more expensive solutions, such as large-scale battery storage or more transmission to trade with distant areas.

37 GW today, 88 GW by 2023

A new report by WoodMackenzie provides some data on the current and future capabilities of these devices to make the grid more flexible. The company has found 37 GW of flexibility on the demand side in the residential sector alone, and predicts that this number will exceed 88 GW by 2023.

To put these figures in perspective, as of March, the number of operating power plants in the US grid was 1184 gigawatts. Now some of them are reserves. Of course, all of these have not been running all the time, but this still means that the current residential flexibility is only 3.1% of our current power generation. If you don't think the capacity will change much, 2023 numbers will exceed 7%.

It is important to note that this is not only growing, but that most of the action on electricity demand is marginal. A considerable amount of load is static, but it is the peak that makes utilities and grid operators feel headache. This is the time when they have to keep an extra, expensive generation online, and they plan ahead for a few years.

In terms of solar energy and wind energy, the biggest problem of mismatch between demand and supply often occurs at some time, for example, in the cool but sunny spring on weekends, when there is not so much power demand or lack of power generation, there is a problem of excess. On a cloudy winter day. In both cases, moving a little bit may have too much impact.

So why the rapid growth? WoodMackenzie said that this is due to the double trend of growing demand for smart home devices, home energy storage and electric vehicles, as well as the progress of regulation, which makes flexibility exceed the traditional demand response plan.

As an example of what this means, pvmagazineUSA recently reported a decision of the California grid operator to allow the battery power to be insufficient to obtain the electricity charge when the wholesale price is negative - this is a win-win situation for battery owners and owners. Large power plants. In terms of utilities, Arizona Public Service has announced three new residential energy plans to financially motivate customers to use cheaper daytime electricity in air conditioners, batteries and water heaters.

Policy and technology

WoodMackenzie pointed out that residential energy storage system and EV charger account for the smallest part of the currently deployed solution, but said that it is expected that these two parts will account for a larger proportion in 2023, consistent with the exponential growth behind. Instrument battery storage and electric vehicle market.

Policies also play a role here. The recent extension of California's Self Incentive Plan (SGIP) is expected to extend the residential battery boom that the state has seen. But in addition to this dramatic example, WoodMackenzie pointed out that many regions provide discounts and incentives for various devices to achieve flexibility, whether it is a public utility discount for smart thermostats or a tax credit for purchasing electric vehicles.

The report points out that not all 37/88GW are equal in terms of impact.

Different types of equipment have different power grid influence capabilities. For example, residential energy storage can alleviate intermittent and short-term peak demand. Residential solar energy can be paired with distributed energy management system and intelligent inverter to respond to events on the grid. Grid connected intelligent thermostat can be used to adjust HVAC energy consumption. The list continues.

It is also important to note that it is still in the early stage of the age of intelligent devices, and we will undoubtedly see many changes in these technologies and their roles. However, although the details and our understanding of them will change, one thing is clear: electrical appliances and power grids are changing, and there is no turning back.

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