-The competition of solid state battery starts?

The competition of solid state battery starts?
author:enerbyte source:本站 click420 Release date: 2022-11-01 09:28:43
abstract:
At present, solid-state batteries with high energy density and high safety characteristics are attracting worldwide attention. With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the call to improve the vehicle range is increasingly loud. If you want to "run" far, it is a feasible choice to...

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At present, solid-state batteries with high energy density and high safety characteristics are attracting worldwide attention. With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the call to improve the vehicle range is increasingly loud. If you want to "run" far, it is a feasible choice to choose solid state batteries with higher energy density. In this context, relevant research institutions and enterprises from different countries and regions have entered the "race track", opening a "rally" to promote the layout and accelerate the development of solid-state batteries.

"If we want to meet the development requirements of power battery energy density in 2020 and beyond, and achieve the goal of energy density greater than 500Wh/kg, the existing liquid electrolyte battery system may not be able to do anything. As the next generation of battery technology for 500Wh/kg, the research and development of solid battery system has become just a need. The medium and long-term development of the new energy vehicle industry requires new technology reserves, and solid lithium battery is expected to become the next generation of vehicle power batteries The technical route is not only an important development direction of the future secondary battery, but also an important task at present. " Chen Liquan, a researcher at the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said recently.

Both domestic and foreign markets

Many large automobile enterprises at home and abroad have started to research and develop solid state batteries in order to gain the technical voice in the development of new energy vehicles in the future. "All major auto industry powers are unwilling to lag behind in the research and development and application of a new generation of high energy density power batteries." According to the analysis of China New Energy Vehicle Power Battery Industry Development Report (2018) released recently.

Volkswagen clearly has plans to enter the field of solid-state batteries. Its large-scale electric vehicle development plan "RoadmapE" is expected to invest 50 billion euros to carry out long-term strategic cooperation projects on power batteries in China, Europe and North America, and realize the loading and application of solid state batteries after 2025, so as to achieve a 1000 km range. BMW is also actively laying out solid state batteries. It has established a partnership with American battery technology company SolidPower to jointly develop solid state battery technology for electric vehicles.

In Asia, solid state batteries are also the focus of automobile companies and battery enterprises. The "answer" given by Toyota of Japan is to jointly develop square solid state batteries with Panasonic, and plan to develop a new generation of all solid state batteries with higher density. LGChem, a Korean battery manufacturing and R&D enterprise, chose to jointly develop high nickel NCM, NCA and solid state batteries with Samsung SDI, and said that the mass production of solid state batteries would be around 2025.

In the face of fierce competition in the international solid-state battery market, China's research team, represented by the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is also actively promoting the industrialization of solid-state batteries. Also contributing are enterprises. Ganfeng Lithium is cooperating with Ningbo Institute of Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Ningde Times, Tianjin Lishen, AVIC Lithium and Weilan New Energy are also developing solid state batteries.

"It can be seen that both automobile enterprises and battery enterprises are focusing on the research and development of all solid state batteries. This is more like a technical competition of high specific energy all solid state batteries, which will greatly promote the final realization of high specific energy all solid state lithium batteries." Wu Birong, professor of the School of Materials at Beijing University of Technology, said.

Multiple difficult problems to be solved

According to the reporter, the key of solid lithium battery is solid electrolyte materials. None of the existing inorganic solid electrolyte and polymer electrolyte materials has high ionic conductivity, mechanical strength and good processing performance. "At present, polymer electrolyte materials have low ionic conductivity at room temperature, while inorganic solid electrolytes are difficult to prepare. What should we do? We should choose their advantages and avoid their disadvantages." Nan Cewen, an academician of the CAS Member, pointed out that if we want to achieve the best of both worlds, we must put forward higher requirements for the research and development of solid electrolyte materials.

In the face of the resistance in the development of solid state batteries, Liu Yanlong, Secretary General of the China Chemical and Physical Power Supply Industry Association, also put forward his own view, "The most basic problem at present has not been solved in the scientific research level, that is, the problem of high resistance of the contact interface between solids." Excessive resistance will not only waste energy, but also lead to the rise of battery temperature, which has a negative impact on its safety performance.

In addition to the immaturity of technology, the imperfection of market rules is also the "trouble" of solid-state battery growth. Wang Cheng, deputy director of the Beijing Department of China Automotive Technology Research Center Co., Ltd., told the reporter that even though the financial subsidy standards for new energy vehicles in the past two years related to the energy density of power batteries and the driving range of vehicles, and the 2018 new version of the subsidy policy was more refined and improved, the iteration cycle for the product energy density index was too short, leading some enterprises to blindly pursue energy density and high subsidies, Ignoring the optimization of the comprehensive performance of the product, it is difficult for the enterprise to accumulate technology and products.

"From the overall technology chain, there are risks of uneven layout and unstable chain in the solid-state battery market, which is difficult to lay a solid foundation for sustainable development and improvement." Wang Cheng pointed out that at present, it is still necessary to further guide enterprises to form a healthy system of sound development at the level of technology and products. "Research and development institutions and enterprises should pay attention to the efficiency of accumulation, and promote iterative qualitative change in the process of continuous accumulation and quantitative change."

Solid state lithium battery becomes the strategic focus

In the face of the "arena" of solid state batteries in full swing, China apparently grabbed the ticket to participate. The "Made in China 2025" plan issued by the State Council clearly proposed the strategic layout of the specific energy of single power battery. High specific energy, high safety, long life and low-cost solid-state lithium-ion batteries are the key and important support for China to achieve the "pure electric drive" technology transformation strategy of new energy vehicles. Since the 1970s, domestic research institutions, colleges and universities, as well as advantageous battery material enterprises established with national policies in recent years, have made a series of research achievements in solid electrolyte and solid battery research. At the same time, both Ganfeng Lithium and Ningde Times focus on the development of all solid state lithium battery as the next generation high-performance power battery.

"In general, the development path of solid state battery is that the electrolyte may be from liquid, semi-solid, solid liquid mixture, solid to all solid. The negative electrode will be from graphite negative electrode, to silicon carbon negative electrode, and finally to lithium metal negative electrode, but there is still technical uncertainty." Ouyang Minggao, an academician of the CAS Member, recently pointed out that "by 2030, we hope to make a breakthrough in electrolyte, the all solid electrolyte will be industrialized, and the specific energy of the single battery is expected to impact 500Wh/kg. By 2030, the range of conventional models should reach more than 500km."

At present, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology have listed the research and development of solid state batteries as a key project. With the development of more new solid electrolyte materials and the gradual deepening of the research on the reaction mechanism of all solid state lithium batteries, the performance of solid electrolyte is expected to be continuously improved.

"But national support alone is not enough." Chen Liquan pointed out that "it is hoped that the lithium battery industry and the Investment Promotion Bureau will attach great importance to it, so that China can win in this fierce international competition, change the power battery industry from" following "to" leading ", and promote the large-scale promotion and application of new energy vehicles."

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