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When the heat released by SEI film analysis causes the cell temperature to reach 180-200 ℃, the positive electrode begins to undergo analysis. During the positive electrode analysis process, atomic oxygen is released, which has a high activity and can cause severe oxidation analysis of the electrolyte. In a short period of time, a large amount of heat accumulates in the battery cell.

When the temperature is too high or the charging voltage is too high, potential exothermic side reactions occur. When heat is concentrated, the temperature and pressure of the battery cell rise sharply, leading to thermal runaway, with the highest amount of positive pole thermal analysis. The thermal stability of different positive electrode materials is different, and the thermal analysis of ternary materials is relatively low. Lithium iron phosphate is not analyzed at 200-400 ℃, and with the increase of nickel content, the temperature of high nickel ternary positive electrode thermal analysis becomes lower and the heat release becomes greater. Thermal analysis begins at around 120 ℃.

When the heat dissipation performance of the power lithium-ion battery does not meet the standard, the heat released by the chemical reaction increases the temperature, causing the chemical reaction rate to increase exponentially, and the system enters a self heating state, leading to thermal runaway. In addition, all battery cells are equipped with pressure relief valves, and power lithium-ion batteries are also equipped with explosion-proof valves, which will release pressure when the battery pressure reaches 6-8Pa. During the pressure relief process, the flash point of the electrolyte is very low, and the friction between the electrolyte vapor and the explosion-proof valve when sprayed is enough to cause combustion of the power lithium-ion battery. From this, it can be seen that the characteristic of a power lithium-ion battery catching fire is that it will not explode violently, but it has the characteristic of rapid combustion.

3. Fire process of power lithium-ion batteries

To verify the ignition process of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles, the author and researchers conducted a thermal runaway process verification experiment on a certain type of lithium-ion battery. The experimental equipment includes a battery pack monitoring upper computer, a heating element, a multimeter, etc. The parameters of the power lithium-ion battery are shown in Table 2. The experimental content includes: the conditions under which thermal runaway of a single cell in a battery module and battery pack occurs; The process and scope of diffusion after thermal runaway; The discharge situation of the battery pack after water ingress and any abnormal situations that occur during the discharge process. The data and phenomena of the experimental process are shown in Table 3.

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