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In response to the difficulties of the above two methods, this article proposes a micro short circuit diagnosis method for battery packs using the time and voltage during the charging process of the battery pack. Its advantage is that only the charging data of the battery pack is required, without specific detection devices or setting thresholds for related parameters. The calculation amount is small and easy to implement, and micro short circuit diagnosis can be performed at the individual level of the battery pack.

Diagnosis method for micro short circuits in lithium batteries

1.1 Micro short circuit characteristics of lithium batteries

When the separator of a lithium battery cell is punctured by attached dust, the surface area of the separator is reduced or damaged due to poor quality, and the positive and negative electrodes of the cell come into direct contact, resulting in a micro short circuit of the cell. In battery packs composed of single cells in series or parallel, compared to normal cells, cells with micro short circuits will continue to consume electrical energy during charging, discharging, and storage, affecting the normal operation of the battery pack.

As shown in Figure 1, six voltage curves represent the charging voltage curves of the same 18650 lithium iron phosphate single cell battery at different SOHs, with a rated capacity of 1A · h, a rated voltage of 3.3V, and a charging cutoff voltage of 3.65V. Simulate the six charging voltage curves in Figure 1 as the voltage curve of a battery pack during a certain charging. The battery pack is composed of six individual units connected in series, numbered 1-6.

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