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Pulse charging mainly consists of three stages: pre charging, constant current charging, and pulse charging. Compared with conventional charging methods, pulse charging can charge at a higher current. During the shutdown period, the concentration polarization and ohmic polarization of the battery will be eliminated, making the next round of charging smoother. The charging speed is fast, the temperature change is small, and the impact on the battery life is small. Therefore, it is widely used. But its drawback is obvious: it requires a limited current power supply, which increases the cost of pulse charging methods.

Under high current pulse operation mode, lithium-ion batteries are simpler to decompose the lithium salt LiPF6 in the electrolyte into LiF. The presence of LiF rapidly increases the ion dispersion impedance and charge exchange impedance of the battery, causing the polarization voltage of the battery to rise rapidly during high current charging, exceeding the constraint voltage of the lithium-ion battery, making it impossible to complete charging.

Due to the simple polarization of nickel cadmium batteries during conventional charging, conventional constant voltage or constant current charging will cause the electrolyte to continue to generate hydrogen and oxygen gas. Under the internal high-pressure effect, the oxygen will permeate to the negative electrode and cadmium plate to generate CdO, resulting in a decrease in the effective capacity of the electrode plate. Pulse charging generally adopts the method of charging and discharging, that is, charging for 5 seconds and discharging for 1 second.

In this way, most of the oxygen generated during the charging process will be reduced to electrolyte under the discharge pulse. Not only does it constrain the gasification amount of the internal electrolyte, but for old batteries that have already been heavily polarized, after using this charging method for 5-10 times of charging and discharging, they will gradually recover or approach their original capacity. The selection of charging and discharging pulse width should ensure that the electrode plate recovers its original crystal structure, and then eliminate memory effects. After selecting the discharge depolarization method, the charging power can be improved and fast charging with high current is allowed.

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