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The high energy density of power battery can not only improve the driving range of electric vehicles, but also relate to the competitiveness of battery enterprises. After continuous exploration, it is generally believed that high nickel is the trend of the times. Several battery enterprises around the world have achieved the production of 523 or 622 batteries. In the journey of impacting 811, Korean enterprises were once full of confidence, but now they have delayed their application to passenger cars.

It is generally believed that China has become the largest electric vehicle market in the world, which has driven the vigorous development of the battery market in China with a large capacity scale, but there is a big gap between China and Japan and South Korea in terms of technology level. In the competition to impact 811 battery, Bike battery took the lead in mass production, which brought great impact to the inherent impression of some people.

¡¤ South Korea delayed listing

Global power battery enterprises are moving towards 300KWh/Kg. Lithium iron phosphate is difficult to bear heavy responsibilities, and ternary materials are promising to impact. However, the existing ternary material batteries can only be realized by advancing towards the direction of high nickel. Wu Kai, Vice President and Chief Scientist of Ningde Times New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., mentioned in his speech that there are two routes for high nickel ternary materials, namely NCM (nickel cobalt manganese) and NCA (nickel cobalt aluminum). In the high nickel ternary materials, the main role of nickel is to provide capacity. The higher the content of nickel, the greater the energy density of the battery; Cobalt contributes part of the capacity and plays a role in stabilizing the structure; Manganese/aluminum is mainly used to stabilize the ternary system structure.

High nickel has become the consensus of global power battery enterprises. Korean battery enterprises have stepped up the research and development of high nickel batteries and released the time for mass production and listing first. Recently, however, two battery companies in South Korea have postponed the launch of 811 batteries.

Recently, media reported that LG Chem recently confirmed that this year, the company will only produce NCM811 cylindrical batteries for electric buses on a small scale; SKI will also delay the release of NCM811 power battery. LG Chem and SKI both announced the specific mass production time and supporting models of their NCM811 batteries in 2017, but now the mass production has been postponed, indicating that the problems encountered by the two major Korean enterprises in production have not been completely solved.

LG Chem and SKI are both in trouble. How about Samsung SDI? Samsung SDI said that the power battery supporting BMW will be upgraded from NCM523 to NCM622 in 2018, and the application time of NCM811 battery will be beyond 2020.

After a period of silence, Korean battery enterprises have recently resumed their activity in China. An insider told China Automobile News that the year 2020 is coming, subsidies will completely withdraw from the market, foreign enterprises and domestic enterprises will compete in a relatively fair environment, and Korean battery enterprises want to gain more market share by virtue of their own advantages. However, delaying the mass production of 811 batteries will frustrate their plans. High nickel 811 battery not only means higher energy density, but also shows strong market competitiveness.

Domestic mass production 811

The two major battery enterprises in South Korea once confidently announced the time for mass production of NCM811 batteries. Now they have postponed it. Is NCM811 so difficult? Dr. Luo Zhaojun, chief technology officer of Shenzhen Bike Battery, told China Automobile News that there are two problems with high nickel materials, not only high alkalinity, but also oxidation. These two technical challenges have become "roadblocks" for many enterprises to develop high nickel ternary materials. Bike has more than ten years of experience in the research and development of ternary batteries, and the accumulated experience has played an important role in overcoming problems. Bike has finally completed multi-layer safety assurance through research on the thermal characteristics of materials, stability of film forming additives, application of ceramic diaphragm technology and optimization of structural parts.

High nickel materials have obvious advantages and disadvantages. Luo Zhaojun also told the China Automobile News that the high nickel ternary battery can only be used for cylindrical batteries. So far, no battery enterprise in the world can put 80% of the high nickel material into the square battery, because the negative pole of the high nickel battery uses silicon alloy, which is more difficult to put into the square battery than high nickel.

The R&D director of another large battery company in China also told the China Automobile News that mass production of 811 batteries is much more difficult than previous battery materials, while domestic enterprises have achieved mass production. The reporter learned from Tianjin Lishen that the specific energy of its newly developed cell monomer reached 302Wh/kg, and the 811 route was also adopted. The volume energy density was greater than 642Wh/L. At 25 ℃, the 1C charge discharge cycle was 710 times (100% DOD), and the capacity retention rate reached 80%.

The reporter saw that the 18650-2.75Ah battery cell produced by BYK battery has been matched with the Zero Running LP-S01 electric vehicle. Wang Pan, vice president of BYK Battery, told China Automobile News that at the beginning of 2017, BYK Battery had successfully developed 18650-3.0Ah products, which was the first to be released and mass produced in China. E20X, the first A0 SUV model of JAC Volkswagen SOL (Sihao) brand, will use 18650-3.0Ah ternary power cells produced by BYK Battery; The battery pack also uses liquid cooled battery safety control technology, with a maximum range of 301 km under working conditions and a maximum speed of 130 km/h. It is expected to be officially launched in September.

Reduce cobalt demand

NCM811 means 80% nickel, 10% cobalt and 10% manganese in the battery. It can be seen from the composition proportion that the high nickel content of power battery reduces the consumption of cobalt metal. At present, the ternary battery of most enterprises is 523 or 622, which is twice as much as the consumption of metal cobalt of NCM811.

Cobalt has become a headache material for global battery enterprises. Due to the scarcity of the quantity, major enterprises have scrambled for resources, leading to rising prices. In 2015, the global supply of refined cobalt was about 102000 tons, while the demand for cobalt was about 92000 tons. The price of cobalt remained relatively balanced; In 2016, the price of cobalt began to rise steadily, but the speed was not fast, and it remained between 100000 and 150000 yuan/ton; Cobalt prices have risen since 2017. According to data, in 2018, the cobalt price reached a maximum of 800000 yuan/ton, which has dropped somewhat. However, insiders generally believe that the drop in the cobalt price may be temporary. There is a strong demand for new energy vehicles, and the increase in demand will inevitably stimulate the cobalt price to rise again.

In addition, an industrial investor who did not want to be named told the reporter of China Automobile News that the scarcity, tight supply and demand, oligopoly control, small varieties and other characteristics of metal cobalt make it easy to be hyped in the futures market, and the current situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and other factors have become the driving force for the continued expansion of cobalt prices.

Under the pressure of declining subsidies for new energy vehicles and the double credit policy, automobile enterprises will require battery enterprises to reduce the supply price every year. Vehicle enterprises are increasingly demanding for the price, while the cobalt price of ternary materials is rising rapidly, which brings burden to battery enterprises. High nickel reduction can also enhance the competitiveness of enterprises' products. Luo Zhaojun told China Automobile News that from the perspective of the global market, the proportion of round cell loading increased, square cell loading decreased, and the number of flexible cell loading increased. The market competitiveness of domestic battery enterprises is gradually enhanced.

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