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2. Electrochemical characteristics

Long term storage of lithium-ion batteries may result in some side reactions, such as electrolyte decomposition, dissolution of active substances, and lithium deposition. After being left unused for a long time, the equilibrium state inside the lithium-ion battery gradually changes. When it accumulates to a certain extent, the battery will undergo significant changes, which will be directly reflected in the electrochemical characteristics of the battery.

1) Capacity

The significant changes in the capacity of lithium-ion batteries that have been put on hold for a long time are reflected in two aspects: firstly, the decrease in battery capacity, which is mainly caused by self discharge; The second is the addition of irreversible capacity, which depends heavily on the irreversible consumption reactions between the internal chemical systems of the battery. The phenomenon of self discharge is unavoidable in all lithium-ion batteries. The capacity loss caused by self discharge can be divided into two categories: reversible and irreversible: reversible refers to the portion of capacity that can be recovered when charging a lithium-ion battery, while irreversible loss refers to the unrecoverable capacity. It is necessary for battery manufacturers and users to reduce the capacity loss of batteries after long-term storage.

2) Internal resistance

The internal resistance of a battery refers to the resistance between the positive and negative terminals, which is the sum of the resistances of the current collector, electrode active material, separator, electrolyte, conductive handle, and terminal. For lithium-ion batteries, the smaller the internal resistance, the lower the voltage occupied by the battery during discharge, and the more energy can be output. But for batteries stored for a long time, the resistance often increases with the addition of storage time. Exceeding a certain resistance can cause the battery to exceed the benchmark internally, leading to scrapping or degradation. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the changes in resistance during long-term storage of the battery.

The temperature has a significant impact on the internal resistance: at 25 ℃, when the lithium-ion battery is stored for 32 days, the internal resistance changes to 0.57mQ; At 50 ℃, if the battery is stored for one month, the internal resistance will increase by 2.64m; When the ambient temperature reaches 75C, there is a rapid change in battery resistance. After the same number of days of storage, the new increase in resistance is 8.18m, which is 14 times the increase at 25 ℃.

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