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Mobile phone batteries frequently experience explosions, partly due to the failure of protective circuits, but more importantly, the problem has not been fundamentally solved in terms of materials.

Lithium cobalt oxide positive electrode active material is a mature system in small battery cells, but after being fully charged, there is still a large amount of lithium ions left in the positive electrode. When overcharged, the remaining lithium ions in the positive electrode will rush towards the negative electrode, and the formation of dendrites on the negative electrode is an inevitable result of overcharging batteries using lithium cobalt oxide materials. Even during normal charging and discharging processes, there may be excess lithium ions ionizing to the negative electrode to form dendrites, The theoretical specific energy of lithium cobalt oxide material exceeds 270 milliampere hours per gram, but to ensure its cycling performance, the actual usage capacity is only half of the theoretical capacity. During use, due to certain reasons (such as damage to the management system), the charging voltage of the battery is too high, and a portion of the remaining lithium in the positive electrode will come out, which will deposit into dendrites in the form of metallic lithium on the surface of the negative electrode through the electrolyte. The dendrites pierce the diaphragm, forming an internal short circuit.

The important component of electrolyte is carbonate, which has a low flash point and boiling point, and can burn or even explode under certain conditions. If the battery overheats, it will cause the carbonate in the electrolyte to be oxidized and reduced, resulting in a large amount of gas and more heat. If there is no safety valve or the gas cannot be released through the safety valve in time, the internal pressure of the battery will rise sharply and cause an explosion.

Polymer electrolyte lithium-ion batteries have not fundamentally solved safety issues. Both lithium cobalt oxide and organic electrolytes are used, and the electrolyte is gelatinous and less prone to leakage, leading to more intense combustion. Combustion is the biggest safety issue for polymer batteries.

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