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Firstly, in terms of material preparation, the solid-phase sintering reaction of lithium iron phosphate is a complex multiphase reaction (although some synthesis techniques claim to be liquid-phase synthesis processes, the final process requires high-temperature solid-phase sintering), which includes solid-phase phosphates, iron oxides, lithium salts, carbon precursors, and reducing gas phases. In order to ensure that the iron element in lithium iron phosphate is positively divalent, the sintering reaction must be carried out in a reducing atmosphere. In the process of reducing trivalent iron ions to positively divalent iron ions in a strong reducing atmosphere, there is a possibility of further reducing the positively divalent iron ions to trace amounts of elemental iron.

Iron is the most taboo substance in batteries, as it can cause battery short circuits, which is one of the important reasons why lithium iron phosphate is not used in Japanese lithium-ion batteries. In addition, the slowness and incompleteness of solid-state reactions may lead to the presence of trace amounts of Fe2O3 in lithium iron phosphate. Argonne Laboratory attributed the poor high-temperature cycling of lithium iron phosphate to the dissolution of Fe2O3 and the precipitation of iron elements on the negative electrode during the charge discharge cycling process. In addition, in order to improve the performance of lithium iron phosphate, it is necessary to carry out nanoparticle treatment. A significant feature of nanomaterials is their low structure, thermal stability, and high chemical activity, which to some extent increases the possibility of iron dissolution in lithium iron phosphate, especially under high temperature cycling and storage conditions. The experimental results also indicate that chemical analysis or energy spectrum analysis on the negative electrode can detect the presence of iron.

From the perspective of preparing lithium iron phosphate batteries, due to the small particle size and high specific surface area of lithium iron phosphate, and due to the carbon coating process, activated carbon with a high specific surface area has a strong adsorption effect on gases such as water in the air.

Lithium iron phosphate batteries have a high short-circuit rate both in the manufacturing process of battery manufacturers and in consumer use. Battery manufacturers often start from the battery preparation process to find problems, but they often fail to recognize the problem of short circuits caused by inherent reasons in lithium iron phosphate materials. A few years ago, the 18650 type iron phosphate lithium-ion battery of American A123 caught fire and exploded on electric vehicles while driving on highways. The later investigation found that the wiring screws were not tightened, causing overheating and causing the battery to catch fire and explode. But some also believe that there is a greater possibility of fire and explosion caused by internal short circuits in the battery. It is questionable whether the heat generated by the lack of tightening of external screws can cause such a serious fire and explosion phenomenon in the 18650 lithium-ion battery.

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