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Electrical abuse

The electrical abuse of lithium-ion battery packs generally includes several forms, including external short circuit, overcharging, and overdischarging, among which overcharging is the most likely to develop into thermal runaway.

External short circuit occurs when two conductors with a voltage difference are connected outside the battery cell. The important link from external short circuit to thermal runaway is excessive temperature. When the heat generated by external short circuits cannot be dissipated well, the temperature of the battery will rise, and the high temperature will cause overheating to lose control.

Overcharging, due to its high energy content, is the most harmful form of electrical abuse. The emergence of heat and gas are two common characteristics during overcharging. Heating comes from Ohmic heat and side reactions.

The overdischarge abuse mechanism is different from other forms of abuse mechanisms, and the potential danger is much higher than people think. The dissolution and migration of copper ions caused by overdischarge pass through the membrane and form copper dendrites with lower potential on the cathode side. As the growth continues to increase, copper dendrites may penetrate the diaphragm, leading to serious thermal runaway problems.

Heat abuse

Local overheating may be a typical heat abuse situation that occurs in battery packs. Heat abuse rarely exists independently and often develops from mechanical and electrical abuse, and is ultimately a direct cause of heat runaway.

The best way to deal with thermal runaway caused by mechanical abuse is to replace the faulty lithium-ion battery pack and discard the battery that has been damaged in physical components.

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