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With the continuous improvement of the requirements of the national new energy subsidy policy and the market demand for long-term batteries, the development trend of high nickel ternary material power batteries has become increasingly clear. In the process of continuous technology updating, positive materials such as NCM811, NCA and the latest NCMA began to emerge.

Among the high nickel ternary materials that have been mass produced, NCM811 and NCA are just like two factions. NCM means that the cathode material is composed of nickel, cobalt and manganese in a certain proportion. The nickel rich NCM helps to improve the capacity, while manganese improves the stability of the material, and cobalt can optimize the magnification performance of the material. At present, China is converting from medium low nickel (such as 3:3:3; 5:2:3) to high nickel (such as 6:2:2 to 8:1:1). The cathode material of NCA is composed of nickel, cobalt and aluminum. Aluminum can improve the chemical stability of the battery cycle. With the NCA system, the nickel content can be improved to a certain extent, so as to achieve higher battery energy density. The nickel content in NCA will be different in the production process of different enterprises, but the nickel content accounts for at least 80%. Because the energy density of NCM811 and NCA power batteries is relatively higher and their endurance is stronger, they have become the first choice for electric vehicle batteries to make technological breakthroughs in the new energy subsidy environment in recent years.

At present, due to the relatively mature development of NCA battery technology in Japan, Japanese enterprises such as Panasonic are mainly promoting the production of NCA batteries. Chinese enterprises and Korean enterprises prefer to vigorously develop NCM811. What are the causes of this phenomenon?

According to the insiders, NCA and NCM811 will show some differences in production process and cost.

Compared with NCM811, NCA battery has a slightly higher gram capacity and better safety performance, but it has high requirements for manufacturing process and higher actual production cost. NCA is easy to collapse under high temperature, which leads to thermal runaway, and high pH value is easy to cause monomer inflation, which may lead to danger; The synthesis method of NCM811 is mainly high temperature solid state sintering, and its stability and safety performance are slightly worse than NCA. In addition, its storage and processing conditions are also very harsh.

According to SMM research, the key enterprises that have achieved mass production of NCM811 and NCA cathode materials in China are as follows.

Among them, Rongbai New Energy is the leading enterprise of NCM811 cathode materials in China. At present, its output and shipping volume account for more than 50% of the country's total. The other enterprises, NCM811, have the same production and sales volume, and are actively sending samples to expand their sales. However, the number of domestic manufacturers of NCA cathode materials is still small. Foreign NCA manufacturers mainly import NCA precursors from home and produce NCA overseas.

Although most battery enterprises in China have proposed to vigorously develop NCM811 batteries, NCA is even faster to develop the high nickel ternary batteries that are really mass produced and loaded in China. At present, many models such as JAC, BAIC New Energy, Chang'an, Baojun, Zhidou, etc. have started to be equipped with NCA batteries, and the energy density of the batteries and the vehicle's endurance mileage have been greatly improved. According to SMM research, the current domestic NCA battery mass production enterprises are represented by Tianjin Lishen and Tianpeng Power Supply. The maximum energy density of NCA battery system can reach 180Wh/kg, and the average system energy density has also reached 140-160Wh/kg. On the other hand, the representative enterprise for mass production of NCM811 battery is BYK Battery, and its NCM811 battery has achieved cooperation with JAC, Xiaopeng Automobile, etc. More enterprises claiming to enter the NCM811 battery are still in the stage of R&D and testing certification.

As for the future judgment, many senior people in the battery industry said to SMM that NCM811 would be the type of focus for most battery enterprises in China compared with NCA when the new energy subsidy policy still exists. Industry experts told SMM that the reason why the domestic NCM811 is more respected than NCA is not because of its performance. In fact, the production lines of NCM811 batteries and NCA batteries can be basically common. However, NCA has higher requirements for the production environment, and some of the original production lines need to be modified if mass production is desired. This may be one reason why battery manufacturers prefer to produce NCM811; At the same time, NCM811 and NCM111, 523 and 622 belong to the same nickel cobalt manganese structure as the previous NCM111, 523 and 622, and are closer to their production processes. However, NCA has added aluminum, so the synthesis process will be different. At present, NCA's synthesis process technology still needs to be developed in China.

SMM believes that for battery plants, NCA and NCM811 are not mutually beneficial. However, for vehicle manufacturers, because other components are the same, whether NCA or NCM811 is selected, the current difference is almost limited.

Near the end of the year, most industry participants are faced with the pressure of declining subsidies for new energy. At present, the new energy market aims to improve the energy density of the battery system, increase the endurance mileage, reduce the energy consumption of 100 kilometers and other technical performance related to subsidies to carry out relevant research and development and upgrading. In the future, not only NCM811 and NCA will be further developed, but also new high nickel ternary materials such as NCM613, 712 and NCMA have been developed by enterprises and are expected to be mass produced in the next 2-3 years. Driven by the new energy subsidy policy and the double credit policy, the future high nickel ternary materials will be a competitive place for positive material manufacturers to open up the new energy market.

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