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Recently, there has been an overwhelming amount of news about fuel cell vehicles, as if suddenly this once unattainable advanced technology can meet civilian needs. In fact, many people have already heard of the name of fuel power cells before this, especially in the aerospace field where fuel power cells were put into service early on. As a reliable and efficient energy generating unit, they provide sufficient electricity for spacecraft.

So, since fuel cell is a high-tech technology that has been "transferred" from aerospace technology to civilian use, it should have the characteristics of being expensive and precise, right? Can civilian vehicles afford it? Additionally, some friends have asked, what is the difference between fuel powered batteries and ternary lithium-ion batteries commonly used in electric vehicles? As a technical control humanities student, Car Shop Brother feels it is his responsibility to explain the relevant knowledge of fuel power batteries to everyone. Of course, Car Shop Brother will use more colloquial language, as I don't understand how difficult it is.

Fuel power cells are an energy conversion device that, according to the principle of electrochemistry, i.e. the working principle of primary batteries, directly converts the chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidants into electrical energy in an isothermal manner. Therefore, the actual process is an oxidation-reduction reaction. Fuel power cells consist of four important components, namely the anode, cathode, electrolyte, and external circuit. Fuel gas and oxidation gas are respectively fed into the anode and cathode of the fuel power cell. Fuel gas releases electrons on the anode, which are then transmitted through an external circuit to the cathode and combine with the oxidizing gas to form ions. Under the use of an electric field, ions migrate to the anode through electrolytes, react with fuel gas, form a circuit, and generate current.

The idea of using fuel power cells as the energy supply system actually began to be applied as early as the 1960s. However, this technology was only applied in the aerospace field at that time. Before the emergence of solar panels, fuel power cells were the only means of energy supply for manned spaceflight, satellite operation, and other space missions. Compared to the large volume and low energy storage density of batteries, fuel power cell systems have the characteristics of being lightweight, flexible, and have high energy supply efficiency.

Due to the unique structure and power generation principle of fuel power cells, their energy conversion rate (fuel electricity) is close to 100%, making them the most thermally efficient power generation unit to date. With the continuous maturity of fuel cell technology, this black technology is now being launched into the civilian market. As early as 1992, Toyota began developing fuel cell systems for use in vehicles. In 1996, Toyota successfully developed and announced its first fuel cell vehicle, the FCEV.

Aerospace grade technology, excellent thermal efficiency, compact size, and ultra-light weight all meet the "lightweight" goals pursued by automotive engineers. Since fuel power cells are so powerful, according to the principle of getting what you pay for, they must be very expensive. Indeed, in the aerospace field, due to the customized production of each component, the cost of individual components is quite high, so the fuel power cell system on spacecraft is naturally very expensive.

But on mass-produced car bodies, all components are produced in large quantities on assembly lines, and the cost of individual components is relatively low. And because there is no need to consider various space environments, and the accessories of the entire system do not need to be made of precious metals and other materials, the cost of fuel power cell systems for civilian vehicles is not expensive, and even lower than some mainstream manufacturers' mid to low-end four cylinder engines. As for whether fuel power cells may be too precise and have insufficient reliability, there is no need to worry.

The common feature of aerospace grade technology is that its reliability must be particularly high. Especially for the crucial energy supply system, there should be no problems at all. The initial design concept of fuel cell systems was to utilize the simplest, compact and compact structure to maximize their functionality. Therefore, the structure of fuel power cells cannot be said to be precise. As long as automobile manufacturers can fully understand the production process of internal combustion engines and manufacture qualified fuel power cells, it is easy and reliable? What is a guy on the ground who has been in space?

Due to its structural advantages, fuel power cells have the advantages of lightweight and miniaturization that are difficult to achieve in internal combustion engine systems (under the same thermal efficiency). Taking hydrogen fuel cell as an example, Toyota's fuel cell system has long been lighter and more compact than its own internal combustion engine, making it less crowded when installed in A-class cars. In addition, fuel power cell systems also have thermal efficiency that is difficult for internal combustion engines to achieve. This means that when burning fuel with the same calorific value, fuel power cells can provide more energy than traditional internal combustion engines, thereby achieving energy-saving goals.

In addition to energy conservation, fuel power cells also have the advantage of zero pollution emissions. Even under the National VI emission standards, traditional internal combustion engines still emit a large amount of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and other particulate matter. But the hydrogen used in fuel power cells only produces pure water after combustion. This means that fuel power cells have environmental advantages that internal combustion engines cannot match. Not only is the fuel environmentally friendly and renewable, but the emissions are also pollution-free and even drinkable.

Fourthly, the charging time of fuel cell vehicles is relatively short. Everyone knows that there are common problems with short range and long charging time in current new energy pure electric vehicles. Charging for half an hour and air conditioning for five minutes may be a joke about charging pure electric vehicles, but this also reflects their bottlenecks to some extent. Fuel cell vehicles do not have these problems. Their charging method is the same as that of gasoline vehicles. They can fill up a can of gas in a few minutes and then drive happily without mileage anxiety to enjoy the pleasure of driving.

But fuel power cells also have shortcomings. The important reason that restricts the large-scale use of fuel power cells by humans is that the preparation, transportation, and storage methods of fuel are not completely safe and reliable. The high cost and limited gas stations make manufacturers hesitant to promote fuel cell vehicles. After all, without fuel, fuel cell vehicles become a pile of scrap metal and cannot be driven on the road. Therefore, it will take some time to drive fuel cell vehicles without worries. As the production and sales of fuel gradually mature, fuel cell vehicles will inevitably trigger an energy revolution in transportation.

Domestic related companies are rapidly laying out the hydrogen fuel cell industry. Although some links such as humidifiers and hydrogen circulation devices still lack related companies, the speed of industrial chain aggregation is constantly accelerating and tending to improve. The domestic hydrogen fuel cell industry has achieved rapid development, especially in the automotive field, which has driven the formation of regional industrial clusters, forming the Beijing Tianjin Hebei, East China, and South China (Foshan Yunfu) Four hydrogen fuel cell industry clusters in Central China (Wuhan) have formed their own industrial supporting and commercial application models based on local research and development situation and industrial foundation.

In 2019, the fuel power cell industry was emphasized, and the two independent brand leaders, Great Wall and Geely, also began to actively layout the fuel power cell industry, indicating that the Chinese government and companies are paying attention to the development of fuel power cell vehicles. Car dealership brother has found that a lot of hot money has already flowed into fuel power cell related companies. I believe that with the promotion of capital, the development of China's fuel power cell industry will also take off at the forefront.

In the long run, hydrogen energy, as the cleanest and most efficient new energy source, has attracted widespread attention worldwide. Fuel cell vehicles, with their zero exhaust emissions and energy independence, are expected to achieve the long-term goals of the automotive industry and demonstrate their good application prospects to the world. Although it is difficult to commercialize them on a large scale in the short term, China still has certain advantages in the development of fuel cell technology. We should combine advanced foreign automotive manufacturing technologies and strive to push fuel cell vehicles to the market as soon as possible, Therefore, it has broad investment potential.

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