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Statistics released recently by the Quality Development Bureau of the State Administration of Market Supervision and Administration show that as of October this year, more than 40 new energy vehicle fires have occurred in China, including BYD Song, Lifan 650EV, Zotyun 100, etc.

Tesla, who stands at the center of automobile public opinion, is not immune. Various spontaneous combustion incidents are reported from time to time. In addition to the recent frequent safety incidents, the driving range of electric vehicles in winter will also be shortened, which once again arouses consumers' anxiety about the safety and mileage of new energy vehicles.

The concept of safety first and mileage second is beyond doubt

After incomplete statistics on more than 80 electric vehicle fire accidents since 2011, Wang Fang, the chief expert in the field of power battery of China Automotive Technology Research Center, believes that fire accidents in the charging process account for a large proportion, mainly due to mechanical damage such as vehicle body fracture, battery thermal runaway, and water immersion.

From November 8 to 9, the "Lithium Vision" 2018 Third International Summit on Power Battery Applications was held in Beijing, where many industry experts and business people faced problems and discussed the development of electric vehicles and power batteries.

In the first three quarters of 2018, China's total output of new energy vehicles reached 667000, up 70% year on year, leading the world. Driven by the new energy automobile industry, China's power battery industry has maintained a rapid and stable growth trend, the overall market competitiveness has gradually increased, and the cultivation of leading enterprises has been carried out in an orderly manner.

"Safety is the cornerstone of the development of the new energy vehicle industry, and we cannot relax our focus on the safety of power batteries." At the meeting, Gao Junhua, deputy director of Beijing Work Department of China Automotive Technology Research Center Co., Ltd., admitted that in the past two years, the new high specific energy battery has improved the driving range of electric vehicles, but also increased the potential safety hazards. In fact, safety should be the first step in improving the power battery energy.

"Electric vehicles and power batteries are interdependent, mutually reinforcing and mutually restrictive." Yang Yusheng, an academician of the CAE Member, said frankly that the main contradiction of electric vehicles is safety and mileage. Among them, security is the main aspect of the contradiction, mileage is the secondary aspect, and the two cannot be reversed.

For a long time, the development of electric vehicles in China has been more dependent on national policies and subsidies, with more emphasis on driving range and energy density, resulting in many things being covered up or even ignored. After the subsidy has declined, what can really compete is the comprehensive performance of the product.

"The subsidy standards for new energy vehicles in the past two years are closely related to the energy density of power batteries and the driving range of vehicles." Gao Junhua said that the index requirements for the energy density of power battery products made the product iteration cycle too short, which led some enterprises to pursue energy density blindly and ignored the optimization of the comprehensive performance of products. There were local outstanding quality and unstable overall chain, which made it difficult to lay a foundation for sustainable development.

High risk of simply pursuing battery energy density

The power, economy, safety, reliability and charging convenience of electric vehicles test the use experience. In Yang Yusheng's opinion, there are five major anxieties for long mileage pure electric vehicles, which seem to have something to do with batteries, specifically, mileage anxiety, safety anxiety, charging anxiety, price anxiety and battery anxiety.

"Only the real progress of batteries can promote the improvement of the level of electric vehicles. If the batteries are not mature and a large number of unstable batteries are used in cars, there will be problems." Yang Yusheng stressed that the danger of batteries restricts "the increase of electric vehicle mileage at will".

Deng Zhongyi, president of the Research Institute of Guangdong Mengshi New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., said frankly that at present, most of the power battery industries are struggling or even suffering. Because the industry has a hard target for the energy density of power batteries: if it does not reach 140 watt hours/kg, the car factory will probably not ask for your battery. Only when it reaches this target can you get a subsidy multiplied by a factor of 1.1.

"Everyone is pursuing energy density as a hard indicator. That's why there are so many accidents. Simply pursuing energy density is a very risky thing, which will inevitably sacrifice the safety and service life of power batteries." Deng Zhongyi believes that improving the energy density of power batteries is meaningful only on the premise of ensuring safety and acceptable cost and life.

To solve security problems, we need to start from the system level

At present, China's new energy vehicle industry is changing from policy driven to market driven, and the market competition of power battery industry is becoming increasingly fierce. Wu Feng, an academician of the CAE Member and a professor of Beijing University of Technology, said that although China's power battery industry has made remarkable achievements in recent years, it still faces many technical bottlenecks that need to be broken through, such as how to improve safety and driving range, how to achieve long life, low cost, and battery recycling. In addition, it is also faced with the reality that the overall battery capacity is surplus, the quality capacity is insufficient, the related enterprises are nervous, and a new round of reshuffle is accelerating.

"The safety of electric vehicles involves different levels, from materials to cells to battery systems, power subsystems, and electric vehicles. What consumers are presented with is the safety of electric vehicles." Long Huajin, Chairman and President of Tafel New Energy Technology Group, said that now some people say that the materials are unsafe and some people say that the battery cells are unsafe. We need to solve the safety problem of the entire electric vehicle from the system level. When solving the safety problem, the worst situation of other links should be considered. Only in this way can the electric core and materials be safest.

This coincides with Wang Fang's point of view. Wang Fang said that the safety of electric vehicles is a systematic project. Every part, from materials to batteries, should have a basic safety requirement. Only by working together as a joint system can a better and relatively safe battery system be made and applied to the whole vehicle, rather than concentrating the safety pressure of a certain part on a certain link.

To this end, Qin Xingcai, Secretary of the Party Committee and Chairman of Tianjin Lishen Battery Co., Ltd., put forward two suggestions: first, formulate the national quality standards for power batteries, and power battery enterprises should establish scientific and perfect quality agreements with vehicle manufacturers, which will not only boost the healthy development of the industry, but also reduce the pressure on after-sales service. Second, the battery factory and the vehicle factory should work together to strengthen the safety research and management of the power battery throughout its life cycle. The initial safety of the battery does not represent the safety of the whole life cycle. Therefore, the new energy vehicle testing standards should be introduced as soon as possible.

"Many of the problems related to the promotion and application of new energy vehicles and power batteries are based on key materials." Wu Feng said that the corresponding new materials should be designed and developed according to the market demand for battery performance. For example, the development of battery cathode materials with high specific capacity and low cost requires us to research and make breakthroughs from the battery reaction mechanism and basic materials; In order to meet the requirements of using new energy vehicles in cold and high altitude areas, it is necessary to start with battery materials and improve the temperature adaptability and reliability of batteries

Gao Junhua appealed that, in the next step, the national subsidy for new energy vehicles should guide enterprises to optimize the comprehensive performance of products, reduce costs and solidify production capacity, on the premise of meeting a certain driving range, in combination with the energy density of power batteries, and on this basis, subsidize products that tend to consume low single energy, have good safety and long battery life.

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