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Lithium ion batteries are generally safe, but there are reports of safety accidents that are presented to the public. Famous examples include battery fires on Boeing 737 and B787 aircraft, BYD electric vehicles, and Tesla MODELS in recent years... The earliest time these lithium-ion battery safety accidents entered the public eye can be traced back to 4-5 years ago. Until now, safety remains a key factor restricting the application of lithium-ion batteries in high-energy/high-power fields. Thermal runaway is not only the fundamental cause of safety issues, but also one of the shortcomings that constrain the performance of lithium-ion batteries.

Starting from the electrode ingredients, a series of steps such as stirring, slurry pulling, cutting, powder scraping, powder brushing, roller alignment, pole ear riveting, welding and lamination, adhesive paper application, testing, and formation are required.

In this series of processes, even if all steps have been completed, there is still a risk of safety issues caused by inadequate work leading to increased internal resistance or short circuits in the battery. For example:

During the welding process, there is virtual welding (between the positive/negative electrode and the ear, between the positive electrode and the cap, between the negative electrode and the shell, and between the rivet and the contact with high internal resistance), material dust, small or improperly padded diaphragm paper, holes in the diaphragm, and uncleaned burrs.

The incorrect capacity ratio of positive and negative electrodes may also lead to the deposition of a large amount of metallic lithium on the surface of the negative electrode. Insufficient uniformity of the slurry can also lead to uneven distribution of active particles, resulting in significant changes in the volume of the negative electrode during charging and discharging and lithium precipitation, thereby affecting its safety performance.

In addition, the quality of SEI film formation during the formation process directly determines the cycling and safety performance of the battery, affecting its lithium insertion stability and thermal stability.

The factors that affect the SEI film include the types of negative electrode carbon materials, electrolytes, and solvents, the current density during formation, temperature, and pressure parameters. By selecting appropriate materials and adjusting the formation process parameters, the quality of the SEI film can be improved, thereby enhancing the safety performance of the battery cell.

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