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By the end of last year, the ownership of new energy vehicles in China had exceeded 1.6 million, accounting for 50% of the global ownership of new energy vehicles. This year's sales of more than one million should not be a problem. At the same time, the safety of new energy vehicles has become increasingly prominent, especially the fire incident has received extensive attention.

On October 31, the person in charge of the Quality Development Bureau of the State Administration of Market Supervision answered a reporter's question and said that according to the public opinion information, more than 40 new energy vehicle fires had occurred in 2018. The State Administration of Market Supervision has organized the Defective Product Management Center to launch 10 new energy vehicle defect investigations, carry out five on-site fire accident investigations with relevant departments, and urge relevant manufacturers to implement five recalls.

Among them, the recall involved 35,600 defective vehicles of 24 models from 5 enterprises, most of which were caused by electronic control and mechanical failures. However, the State Administration of Market Supervision did not disclose who the five enterprises involved in the recall were, nor did it give specific recall models and the reasons for the defects.

The State Administration of Market Supervision said that since vehicle fire accidents may be related to electrical circuits, fuel cells, mechanical interference, external fire sources and other factors, and part of the evidence will disappear or change in the combustion process, it is very difficult to investigate defects and the cause analysis is extremely complex. However, the State Administration of Market Supervision will continue to carry out special investigation on fire accidents of new energy vehicles, carry out research on information sharing mechanism, further improve defect determination technology and ability, and strengthen recall supervision.

Battery safety is the shortest board of the barrel

In 2018, there were more than 40 new energy vehicle fires in China. Unlike fuel vehicle fires, which were mainly caused by aging of fuel lines and electrical short circuits, pure electric vehicle fires were largely caused by the power batteries carried. The main reasons were lack of experience in battery product testing and low level of charging safety management technology.

It can be said that the battery has become the bottom line of the safety of new energy vehicles. How to ensure the safety of the power battery system has changed under the premise of pursuing high endurance.

Industry experts said that the reason why electric vehicles caught fire frequently this year compared with previous years is that some enterprises began to reduce production standards in order to get subsidies as soon as possible. At the same time, many enterprises did not establish internal battery safety testing standards and battery safety testing capabilities, which led to the poor quality of the produced batteries and ultimately led to vehicle safety accidents.

Anyone who knows the working principle of the electric vehicle battery system knows that the basic component of the power battery is the battery cell, and the battery cells will eventually form a pack pack in groups. During the working process, a large amount of heat will be generated in the battery pack. If the heat cannot be dissipated in time, it will not only affect the life of the power battery, but also lead to thermal runaway in serious cases, leading to vehicle fires and other accidents.

In short, the thermal runaway is mainly caused by external and internal causes. The external cause is mainly due to the deformation of the lithium battery under the action of external forces when the vehicle is in a passive collision, which causes the battery diaphragm to be torn and short circuited, and finally causes a fire. The battery is overcharged mainly due to the defects of the electric control system and heat dissipation design, and the excessive local heat will also lead to the final short circuit and fire of the battery.

In fact, the prevention of battery thermal runaway needs to be considered from the basic to the overall system, involving material thermal stability, battery life cycle thermal safety, BMS thermal management and other aspects. For battery enterprises and vehicle enterprises, there are certain technical challenges.

The battery industry is accelerating the shuffle and elimination

The hot new energy vehicle market is a double-edged sword for power battery. On the one hand, it gives power battery enterprises unprecedented opportunities for development, and on the other hand, it relentlessly squeezes power batteries, requiring that the energy density of power batteries continue to increase, the range continues to increase, but the price continues to fall. With the sharp decline of subsidies year by year, vehicle manufacturers also began to transfer part of the cost pressure to power battery enterprises.

Looking at the Q3 performance of power battery enterprises this year, it is not difficult to find that many battery enterprises with small market shares are in trouble, and battery enterprises such as Waterma, Mengshi Technology and Rongjie Shares have all suffered substantial losses.

On the other hand, as of September this year, the output of the top ten enterprises in China's power battery industry had reached 91.4%, and the market was further concentrated in leading enterprises, among which the performance of leading enterprises such as Ningde Times and BYD increased significantly.

Data shows that the number of power battery supporting enterprises in China has dropped from about 150 in 2015 to about 100 in 2017, and one-third of them have been eliminated. More enterprises will be eliminated in the future, especially small and medium-sized low-level power battery enterprises are facing the pressure of rapid elimination.

Will the annual inspection system of electric vehicles be a good medicine?

After explaining the current new energy vehicle safety and power battery industry background, how to improve the safety of new energy vehicles, especially the battery system, has become the focus of the next step of the industry chain, including the voice of launching the mandatory annual inspection system for electric vehicles.

Ouyang Minggao, an academician of the CAS Member and professor of Tsinghua University, once pointed out that at present, the annual inspection system of electric vehicles in China needs to be established urgently. He believed that the lack of the annual inspection system of EMUs led to the unfavorable prevention and control of many potential safety hazards of electric vehicles. It is a big problem that there is no annual inspection system for electric vehicles. For example, if the charging relay is stuck, the sealing fails, or the power battery exceeds the warranty period, the battery is at risk of expansion and cracking. If consumers continue to use the electric vehicle without knowing it, it will bring many hidden dangers to the use safety of electric vehicles.

As there is no mandatory inspection for new energy vehicles, many inspection indicators and methods refer to the standards for traditional fuel vehicles, and it is difficult to find some problems and hidden dangers for new energy vehicles. As early as 2015, some experts in the industry called on China to establish a mandatory annual inspection system and an inspection platform for new energy vehicles.

Theoretically, the tests at the R&D stage of power battery should include insulation, voltage, acupuncture, waterproof, dustproof and other tests. But for example, the acupuncture test is obviously not suitable for the annual inspection items. Different from traditional fuel vehicles, the power battery test is difficult in terms of inspection items, which is the main reason why the industry still has no consensus on the specific content of the annual inspection system.

In addition, whether the mandatory annual inspection will increase the cost of consumers' vehicles, whether it involves testing expenses, and how to calculate the expenses are all issues that need to be considered. Improper handling will form certain misunderstanding and resistance at the user level.

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