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People often say that the voltage of this battery is 12V. The 12V referred to here refers to the most basic parameter of a battery - the nominal potential (in volts). A lead-acid battery has a nominal potential of 2V per cell, and a battery connected in series with 6 cells has a nominal potential of 12V. The power supply used in electric vehicles generally consists of 2 to 5 12V batteries connected in series to form 24V, 36V, 48V, and 60V battery packs. Here, they all refer to the nominal potential of the battery pack, which is a theoretical value determined by the characteristics of the active substance used in the battery.

In fact, there are differences in the voltage and nominal potential of batteries under different conditions. For example, a normal lead-acid battery with a nominal potential of 12V reaches its maximum charging polarization at the end of the charging process, and the voltage can reach 14.4V or higher; At the end of the discharge, the discharge polarization reaches its maximum value and the voltage can drop to around 9V. After charging or discharging is stopped and left to stand for several hours, the polarization voltage (concentration polarization) completely disappears. The potential of this 12V battery can range from 13.8V (after full charge) to 11V (after discharge), and the difference at this time is caused by changes in the state of active substances inside the battery.

The capacity of the battery with a voltage of 12V includes 2.2AH, 7AH, 14AH, 17AH, 24AH, 32AH, 45AH, 60AH, 80AH, 105AH, 120AH, 160AH, and 198AH.

The device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy is called a chemical battery, commonly referred to as a battery. After discharge, the internal active substances can be regenerated by charging - storing electrical energy as chemical energy; Convert chemical energy into electrical energy again when discharge is required. This type of battery is called a Storage Battery, also known as a secondary battery.

A battery is an electrochemical device that stores chemical energy and releases electrical energy when necessary.

The battery has a voltage of 12V, and there are also 24V and 6V. Household cars use 12V, large trucks use 24V, and emergency lights use 6V.

Note: Lead acid batteries have a voltage of 2 volts per cell, and most batteries on the market have a voltage of 6 volts and 12 volts. They can be designed to be connected in series with several single cells, such as using two common 6 cell batteries in series, which is 24 volts, depending on the needs.

1. Before normal startup, the voltage is above 13V. If it is below 12V, it will lose power. After startup, it will be above 14V. The minimum voltage for starting a car is above 11V.

2. Electric vehicles can be divided into two categories: batteries and fuel cells. Batteries are suitable for pure electric vehicles and can be classified as lead-acid batteries, nickel based batteries (nickel hydrogen and nickel metal hydride batteries, nickel zinc batteries), and sodium batteries? Batteries (sodium sulfur batteries and sodium nickel chloride batteries), secondary lithium batteries, air batteries, and other types. And fuel cells are specifically designed for fuel cell electric vehicles, which can be divided into alkaline fuel cells (AFC), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) and other types.

3. There are slight differences depending on the type of electric vehicle. In pure electric vehicles equipped only with batteries, the role of the battery is the only power source for the vehicle's driving system. In hybrid vehicles equipped with traditional engines (or fuel cells) and batteries, batteries can play the role of both the main power source of the vehicle's drive system and the auxiliary power source. It can be seen that at low speeds and start-up, the battery plays the role of the main power source of the car's drive system; Acting as an auxiliary power source during full load acceleration; It plays a role in storing energy during normal driving, deceleration, and braking.

The discharge end point of the battery is 10:5V, and the charging end point is 13.5V, both of which are normal, depending on how much electricity is left in the battery pool. In winter, the battery has poor discharge capacity and requires 11 volts to ignite. In summer, 10. 5 volts is also sufficient. Due to factors such as vehicle condition, fuel (gasoline, diesel), temperature, altitude, etc., it cannot be generalized.

1. According to the battery industry standard, the "termination charging voltage" of batteries, rechargeable batteries, etc. is approximately 1.2 times the rated voltage. Charging is considered complete when the voltage reaches 1.2 times during charging. For a 12V battery, the termination charging voltage is (12V x 1.2) 14.4V. A voltage below 14.4V indicates insufficient charging and can damage the battery.

——★ 2. Rechargeable batteries and batteries have two fears: overcharging and over discharging. So all rechargeable batteries have protection. For example, the lithium battery used in mobile phones has a termination charging voltage of (3.6V x 1.2 times) ≈ 4.3V

——★ 3. When charging a 12V battery with a 16V2.2A power supply, there must be a termination charging voltage setting. In addition, the charging current is also important, and a reasonable range should be set based on the battery capacity.

The voltage of the battery should be around 13 volts when unloaded, and it is considered normal if the load voltage is not less than 11 volts. If the voltage is lower than this, it may be difficult to start. After starting, the voltage of the 12 volt vehicle series should be between 13.5-14.5 volts. The voltage of the 24 volt vehicle series should be between 27 volts and 29 volts. The voltage of the generator is measured after starting. As the battery and generator work in parallel, the voltage of the battery cannot be measured at this time. Your battery has 11 volts. I'm not sure if you measured it with a battery gauge or a multimeter. If you measured it with a multimeter, it's clearly a bit low, indicating that you're running out of power. Otherwise, the measurement after starting should not be too low. If that's the case, you should remove the battery for recharging, otherwise it will have a certain impact on the battery's lifespan

Battery fully charged voltage: 13.8V-14V

Related:

Charger output voltage: 13.8V-14.8V

Discharge termination voltage: 10.5V-11V

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