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Graphene batteries were relatively popular in the battery industry in the past few years, but eventually fell silent. The mainstream battery in the market is still lithium batteries. Graphene batteries and lithium batteries are better, and it is necessary to compare their own material characteristics and advantages and disadvantages in market applications to distinguish their good and bad situations.

Graphene battery

1. Advantages and disadvantages of graphene batteries

Graphene battery: Graphene battery is a honeycomb like planar thin film formed by sp2 hybridization of carbon atoms. It is a quasi two-dimensional material with only one atomic layer thickness, so it is also called single atomic layer graphite. A new energy battery has been developed by utilizing the rapid and massive shuttle motion of lithium ions between the graphene surface and electrodes.

(1) Advantages of graphene batteries:

1) The energy storage capacity is three times that of the best products in the current market. The specific energy value of a lithium battery (based on the most advanced) is 180wh/kg, while the specific energy of a graphene battery exceeds 600whkg.

2) An electric vehicle powered by this battery can travel up to 1000 kilometers, and its charging time is less than 8 minutes.

3) Long service life. Its service life is four times that of traditional hydrogenated batteries and twice that of lithium batteries.

4) Lightweight. The characteristics of graphene allow the weight of batteries to be reduced by half compared to traditional batteries, which can improve the efficiency of the machine that loads the battery.

5) Graphene has greater and more advantages compared to traditional batteries. In terms of service life, it is twice that of lithium batteries and four times that of hydrogenated batteries.

6) Faster charging speed and more durable than lithium batteries at high temperatures.

(2) Disadvantages of graphene batteries:

1) At present, graphene has not yet reached the practical stage, and there is still a long way to go before mass production.

2) These graphene batteries on the market are not pure graphene batteries either. They only incorporate some graphene related technologies on the basis of lithium batteries. Compared with traditional lithium batteries, the performance improvement they bring is only a little bit. In addition, the cost of graphene is very high, and its manufacturing process is also very high. The production process of graphene batteries is still not mature enough, and currently only in the laboratory stage, it cannot reach the level of mass production.

3) Incompatible process characteristics. If the specific surface area of graphene is too large, it will bring a lot of process problems to the dispersion and homogenization processes of existing lithium-ion batteries. If the battery factory's process tuning is exhausting and there is not enough profit margin driven by breakthrough performance indicators, who would be willing to adopt this technology? The surface properties of graphene are greatly affected by its chemical state, and there are many issues with batch stability, cycle life, and so on. Currently, it cannot meet the meticulous requirements of lithium battery production.

2. Advantages and disadvantages of lithium batteries

lithium battery

(1) Advantages of lithium batteries

1) The energy density is high, and its volumetric energy density and mass energy density can reach 450W. h/dm3 and 150W. h/kg, respectively, and are constantly increasing.

2) The average output voltage is high (about 3.6V), which is three times that of Ni Cd and Ni l batteries.

3) High output power.

4) Low self discharge, below 10% per month, less than half of Ni Cd and Ni Mol.

5) Without the same memory effect as Ni Cd and Ni MH batteries, the cycling performance is superior.

6) It can be quickly charged and discharged, and the capacity can reach over 80% of the nominal capacity when charging at 1C.

7) High charging efficiency, basically 100% after the first cycle.

8) The working temperature range is wide, ranging from -30 to+45 ℃. With the improvement of electrolyte and positive electrode, it is expected to be expanded to

-40~+70 ℃, low temperature may expand to -60 ℃.

9) No maintenance required.

10) Environmentally friendly, it is called a green battery.

11) Long service life, 100% DOD charging and discharging can reach more than 900 times; When using shallow depth (30% DOD) charging and discharging, the number of cycles has exceeded 5000.

(2) Disadvantages of lithium batteries

1) The high cost is mainly due to the high price of the positive electrode material LiC002. With the continuous development of positive electrode technology, LiMn204, LiFeP04 and other materials can be used as positive electrodes, which is expected to greatly reduce the cost of lithium-ion batteries;

2) Special protective circuits must be installed to prevent overcharging or over discharging;

3) Poor compatibility with regular batteries, as lithium-ion batteries can only be used as a replacement when three regular batteries (3.6V) are used.

Summary: Based on the comparison of the above conditions, from the current situation, in terms of the maturity of research and development technology, manufacturing costs, and market economic benefits, lithium batteries have more advantages than graphene batteries.

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