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1. Pulse repair method: Using a high-frequency positive and negative pulse generator, the battery continuously generates high and low frequency conversion pulses. Firstly, it has the conditions to dissolve large lead sulfate, and secondly, the pulse disturbance disrupts the conditions for the continued growth of large lead sulfate. This method overcomes the limitations of previous repair techniques and has the advantages of being fast, about 8-12 hours, high repair efficiency, low power consumption, no water loss, softening of the positive electrode plate, and changing the original structure of the electrolyte. The repair effect on severely sulfurized lead-acid batteries is 3-4 times that of the past, with a repair rate of over 90%. The application of this technology reduces the number of scrapped batteries

2. Strong current repair method: Strong current repair method is a method of repairing batteries using persistent high voltage or high current during charging, often used when the effect of pulse repair method is not obvious. Firstly, high voltage repair method: This method mainly adopts a charging voltage of 1.3-1.5 times the nominal voltage of the battery to repair the battery. For example, for a 36V battery, when the charging current is constant or close, a 48V charger is used for charging. The charging time should be controlled in moderation and not too long, otherwise the battery will generate heat due to gas evolution. This method has a certain repairing effect on batteries with short circuits and low degree of plate softening, but improper use can also cause damage to the pressure points of the battery plates. Secondly, high current repair method: This method mainly adopts a charging current 1.5-2.0 times higher than the usual charging current to repair the battery, such as using a 3-4A charger to charge a 20AH battery, which has the same advantages and disadvantages as the "high voltage repair method".

3. Full charge and full discharge repair method: The full charge and full discharge repair method is to repair the battery by fully discharging it after it is fully charged. The full charge and full discharge repair method mainly has a certain repair effect on slightly damaged batteries, and at the same time, this method can effectively activate the active substances in the deep layer of the battery, improving the battery capacity. For batteries with mild vulcanization and high internal resistance, the key to this method is that the discharge must be sufficient, and each individual battery must be fully discharged separately, fully charged and fully discharged 1-2 times, and the capacity of the battery can generally be improved. The full charge and full discharge repair method should not be used frequently. It should be used at least once every six months and at most once every three months.

4. Water replenishment repair method: The method of replenishing water can be used to repair the "water loss" of the battery, with the aim of diluting the sulfuric acid with increased concentration for normal electrolysis reaction. The method of replenishing water is relatively simple. Just open the top cover of the battery and you can see six circular holes. Inject a certain amount of distilled water into each circular hole and soak it for more than 24 hours. Water replenishment can only be done with distilled water, and other components of water, including purified water, cannot be added because other components of water contain various metal molecules, which can easily cause self discharge and damage the battery after being added to the battery.

5. Reassembly and repair method: Electric vehicle batteries are generally composed of several batteries connected in series, and the battery damage is multifaceted. The battery may have multiple damages at the same time: for sulfurized batteries, the repair effect is better after use; However, for batteries with softened or disconnected plates, they can be repaired immediately. Due to their physical hardness, their reusability value is not significant, and the repaired usage time is also extremely short, resulting in even worse repair results. The best method is to replace the batteries with old ones (which have a capacity of over 80%) that have little repair value, and then reassemble them with the remaining few batteries.

Generally speaking, repairs are only aimed at batteries without quality issues, and the main issue is battery vulcanization caused by over discharge. 1. A silicon rectifier charger can be slowly charged with a current of 1/20 of its capacity for 3-5 hours, and then charged with a battery of 1/10 for more than 12 hours. The battery can basically be repaired; 2. Some people also charge a large current of 2 times 1/10 of the capacity for 30 minutes, and then follow the above method. The method used depends on the actual situation of the battery, and it is generally recommended to use the first method.

The electrodes are mainly made of lead and its oxides, and the electrolyte is a type of battery in sulfuric acid solution. English: Lead acidbattery. In the discharge state, the main component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead; In the charging state, the main component of the positive and negative electrodes is lead sulfate. It is divided into exhaust batteries and maintenance free lead-acid batteries.

The battery mainly consists of a tubular positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, electrolyte, separator, battery compartment, battery cover, pole, and liquid injection cover. The electrodes of an exhaust battery are composed of lead and lead oxides, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. The main advantages are stable voltage and low cost; The disadvantages are low specific energy (i.e. the energy stored per kilogram of battery), short service life, and frequent daily maintenance. Old style ordinary batteries generally have a lifespan of about 2 years and require regular checks of the electrolyte height and the addition of distilled water. However, with the development of technology, the lifespan of lead-acid batteries has become longer and maintenance has become simpler.

Charging methods for lead-acid batteries How to repair lead-acid batteries

Classification of lead-acid batteries

1) Ordinary batteries; The electrode plate of a regular battery is composed of lead and lead oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. Its main advantages are stable voltage and low price; The disadvantages are low specific energy (i.e. the energy stored per kilogram of battery), short service life, and frequent daily maintenance.

2) Dry charged lead-acid battery: Its full name is dry charged lead-acid battery. Its main feature is that the negative electrode plate has a high storage capacity. In a completely dry state, it can store the obtained electricity for two years. When in use, only electrolyte needs to be added, and it can be used after 20-30 minutes.

3) Maintenance-free batteries: Due to their structural advantages, maintenance free batteries consume very little electrolyte and do not require distilled water supplementation during their service life. It also has the characteristics of shock resistance, high temperature resistance, small size, and small self discharge. The service life is generally twice that of a regular battery. There are also two types of maintenance free batteries on the market: the first type is to add electrolyte at the time of purchase and do not require maintenance during use (adding supplementary liquid); Another type is that the battery itself is already filled with electrolyte and sealed when it leaves the factory, so users cannot add any replenishment solution at all.

Lead acid batteries come in series such as 2V, 4V, 6V, 8V, 12V, and 24V, with capacities ranging from 200mAh to 3000Ah. VRLA batteries are rechargeable batteries based on AGM (liquid absorbing fiberglass board) technology and calcium grid plates, with superior high current discharge characteristics and ultra long service life. It does not require adding water during use.

The correct charging method for lead-acid batteries

1. Determine the rated voltage and capacity of the battery or battery pack. The rated voltage is used to determine the charging voltage, and the rated capacity is used to determine the charging current.

Regarding voltage: The simplest way is to read it from the label; For example, the rated voltage of the CSB battery shown in Figure 1 is 12V.

If the label is worn or there is no label at all, it can be judged from the number of exhaust holes or safety valves. The exhaust hole is a circular hole located at the top of the battery that can be opened or closed. It can be affirmed that currently all lead-acid batteries have exhaust holes. Each exhaust port represents a unit of 2V, therefore, the total voltage of the battery shown in the other diagram is 24V because it has 12 exhaust ports.

Regarding capacity: it can also be read or calculated from the label; Generally speaking, the rated voltage of the battery will be indicated on the label, as shown in Figure 3. PNP batteries are indicated as 65Ah, but UPS batteries are usually represented in W, as shown in Figure 1, which shows 34W. For this type of battery, a simple calculation method for capacity is to divide the wattage by four, which is 8.5Ah; But when encountering a situation like Figure 2, there is no other choice but to estimate based on volume or importance, and the error is relatively large. Generally speaking, a 12V100Ah AGM battery weighs 30-35 kilograms. Therefore, if the battery in Figure 2 weighs 500 kilograms, its capacity can be calculated to be approximately 700Ah.

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