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Method for judging the positive and negative poles of a battery: 1. Use a multimeter, set the multimeter to the voltage range, connect the red probe of the multimeter to one end of the battery, and connect the black probe of the multimeter to the other end of the battery. If the pointer of the multimeter is pointing forward (to the right), it indicates that the end connected to the red probe of the multimeter is the positive pole of the battery, represented by a symbol (+), and the end connected to the black probe is the negative pole of the battery, represented by a symbol (-). If it is pointing backward (to the left), it indicates that the end connected to the black probe of the multimeter is the positive pole of the battery, while the end connected to the red probe is the negative pole of the battery

2. It is to use two wires, one diode and one flashlight bulb, to determine the positive and negative poles of the battery. The method is to connect one end of a wire to either end of the battery and the other end to the diode. The other end of the diode is connected to one end of the small light bulb, and the other end of the small light bulb is connected to one end of the other wire. The other end of the wire is connected to the remaining end of the battery, forming a circuit. If the small light bulb lights up, it indicates that the correct connection is made. This indicates that the end where the battery and diode are connected is the positive pole of the battery (+), and the other end of the battery is the negative pole of the battery (-). If the small light bulb does not light up, invert the end of the battery or diode,

However, to put it more scientifically, the battery can be installed in a circuit with an ammeter. If the ammeter is deflected normally in the positive direction, it indicates that the positive pole on the terminal is connected to the positive pole of the battery, and the negative pole is connected to the negative pole of the battery; If the ammeter deviates in the opposite direction, it indicates that the positive pole is connected to the negative pole, and the negative pole is connected to the positive pole. Or, if viewed in an electrolyte solution, positive and negative phases attract each other. Therefore, anions gather at the positive electrode, while cations gather at the negative electrode (it is recommended to use a colored electrolyte solution such as potassium permanganate solution, which will separate colors after being electrified. The purple end is the anode, and the colorless end is the negative electrode)

1. Screen printing: For those with screen printing, it is usually left positive and right negative;

2. Look at the shape at both ends: the protruding end is positive, and the flat bottom is negative;

3. Multimeter measurement: The red and black probes indicate a positive number with a red line indicating+and a black line indicating -. When a negative number is displayed, the red probe corresponds to the - electrode, while the black probe corresponds to the+electrode;

4. Judging from the appearance, the modified battery model is generally in its original shape, with guaranteed insulation at both ends. One end has a concave ring, while the other end does not. Some are positive, while others are negative;

5. Some manufacturers do not produce according to battery standards and labeling, so they will conduct actual measurements and consult the manufacturer to request specifications;

The positive electrode (cathode) is lithium cobalt oxide and many additives, which are coated on aluminum foil.

Lithium cobalt oxide is the main component used to generate chemical reactions for charging and discharging (and graphite reactions, as discussed below)

The addition of components is to improve the performance of the battery, such as reducing internal resistance, increasing capacity, improving collision resistance, explosion resistance, fire prevention, etc. Especially with the addition of flame retardant materials.

The negative electrode (anode) is graphite (nanoscale carbon powder), which is coated on copper foil.

The reaction equation is:

The reaction that occurs on the positive electrode is

LiCoO2=charging=Li1 xCoO2+Xli++Xe (electronic)

The reaction that occurs on the negative electrode is

6C+XLi++Xe=====LixC6

How are you, professional enough?

Attached:

A qualified lithium-ion battery should meet the following conditions in terms of safety performance:

(1) Short circuit: No fire, no explosion

(2) Overcharging: No fire or explosion

(3) Hot box test: No fire, no explosion (150 ℃ constant temperature for 10 minutes)

(4) Needle puncture: does not explode (using Ф 3mm nail penetration battery)

(5) Flat impact: No fire, no explosion (a 10kg weight is thrown at the battery from a height of 1M)

(6) Incineration: No explosion (gas flame barbecue battery)

So far, due to technological improvements, qualified lithium batteries have become very safe.

If you have any other questions about lithium batteries, please leave a message on my blog. I am an engineer in the manufacturing of lithium batteries.

Principle and process flow of lithium-ion batteries

1、 Principle

1.0 Positive electrode construction

LiCoO2 (lithium cobalt oxide)+conductive agent (acetylene black)+adhesive (PVDF)+current collector (aluminum foil) positive electrode

2.0 Negative electrode construction

Graphite+conductive agent (acetylene black)+thickener (CMC)+binder (SBR)+current collector (copper foil) negative electrode

3.0 Working principle

3.1 Charging process

As shown in the above figure, a power supply is used to charge the battery. At this time, the electrons e on the positive electrode run from the external circuit to the negative electrode. The positive lithium ion Li+jumps into the electrolyte from the positive electrode, crawls through the winding small hole on the diaphragm, swims to the negative electrode, and combines with the electrons that have already run over.

The reaction that occurs on the positive electrode is

LiCoO2=charging=Li1 xCoO2+Xli++Xe (electronic)

The reaction that occurs on the negative electrode is

6C+XLi++Xe=====LixC6

3.2 Battery discharge process

Discharge includes constant current discharge and constant resistance discharge. Constant current discharge is actually the addition of a variable resistor in the external circuit that can change with voltage. The essence of constant resistance discharge is to add a resistor at the positive and negative poles of the battery to allow electrons to pass through. It can be inferred that as long as the electrons on the negative electrode cannot run from the negative electrode to the positive electrode, the battery will not discharge.

 Electrons and Li+both act simultaneously, with the same direction but different paths. During discharge, electrons pass through the electron conductor from the negative electrode and run to the positive electrode. Lithium ion Li+"jumps" into the electrolyte from the negative electrode, "crawls" through the winding small hole on the diaphragm, "swims" to reach the positive electrode, and combines with the electrons that have already run over

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