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Are you referring to the voltage range of 48V, 64V, 74V, and 80V when choosing an electric vehicle?

From a technical perspective, the higher the voltage, the better the performance and economy of electric vehicles. The comprehensive performance of electric vehicles equipped with five or six batteries is much better than that of electric vehicles equipped with four batteries, and long-term use is also more cost-effective and convenient than electric vehicles equipped with 48V four batteries. This is also the direction for the development of electric vehicles in the future. However, the production difficulty of high-voltage electric vehicles is relatively high, and there are not many manufacturers that can pass the production standards. So currently, most businesses in the market still focus on selling electric vehicles with four batteries. Its price is lower, while the price of electric vehicles equipped with five or six batteries is slightly higher. The reason is very simple. In addition to the technical difficulty coefficient, high-voltage electric vehicles have more voltage regulating circuits, controllers, motors, and frames, which are much more durable than 48V vehicles. Not only are they powerful, fast, long-distance, and have a longer battery life, but they also require an extra or two batteries! At present, the 48V four battery electric vehicle is about to fulfill its historical mission, just like the electric vehicle that replaced the 36V with three batteries, and will be replaced by electric vehicles with five or six batteries.

It is generally not a problem to exceed the power of a battery. If you have a 48V motor, your battery is 60V, which is acceptable, and the speed will also increase. However, if it is too large, it will not work. If you find the car running slowly and the speed limit line is also pulled out, there are many ways to increase speed. Overpressure, which is what I mentioned earlier, is to add a battery (this only works with good quality control, and bad ones will happen sooner or later), or to replace it with a large control. Another option is to replace it with a high-speed motor and a control that is greater than the motor wattage, and the control is also large. The motor will run smoothly from 800W to 3000W. More than 500 yuan, then switch to an external control 1500W24 tube (500-700 yuan), which will ensure that you drive at 55 yards or above (using GPS speed measurement). The original meter code was above 80 yuan,

48 volt electric vehicles are also divided into electric vehicles with foot pedals and electric motorcycles without assistance. According to tracking feedback information statistics, the reason for the expiration of the lifespan of lead-acid batteries with assistance is mostly due to dehydration and vulcanization. In addition to the above two reasons, the reason for the end of the lifespan of lead-acid batteries with electric motorcycles is also due to frequent high current discharge, which causes the positive electrode plate to soften and the active substance to fall off. This softening of the positive electrode plate is physical damage and cannot be repaired. And dehydration and vulcanization are non physical damages that can be repaired. There is a Jinhai battery capacity restorer produced in Jinzhou on Taobao, which can repair vulcanization and add some water to the battery. The capacity of these four batteries can be restored to about 85%. The following is a review from a friend who purchased a Jinhai battery capacity restorer. From the review, it can be seen that this friend is an insider.

A professional on Taobao commented on the 48V Jinhai battery capacity restorer: "It's amazing. After installing the capacity restorer, I tried to add water to the battery: first, remove the sealing strip of each lead-acid battery section, remove the rubber cap, fill each section with battery refill liquid, charge it in an open manner until it is full, remove the overflow liquid, cover the rubber cap, and seal the sealing strip with AB glue. The capacity increases from 20 liters to 95 liters, which is great. It saved seven to eight hundred dollars in one go. By the way, my battery is 48V20A. Previously, I used an electric wire to string the discharge on both poles of the battery, measured the voltage of each section, and the voltage difference between each section is not significant." If it exceeds one volt, it is recommended that friends check in advance. The conditions are also simple! Buying an electric heating wire is also cheap, and it cannot be replaced for a long time. If you use a second-hand battery, it will only cost about 40,

1. The car repair owner said that the battery is not working because those two batteries are outdated, which affects the discharge capacity of the entire set of batteries. The voltage drops rapidly between 11V and 10V, which can easily lead to over discharge and damage.

2. I replaced two old batteries, all four of which are around 12 volts. Add some water, and it's best to use a Jinhai battery capacity restorer to remove sulfurization. The mileage will definitely be more than before, and often not even a little more.

3. Maintenance-free ones also require adding water and removing vulcanization. Open the cover plate on top and you will see six liquid additions. After adding water, use a Jinhai battery capacity restorer to remove the vulcanization of the electrode plate. If you are lucky, the capacity of these four sets of batteries will reach more than 85% of the new battery, saving the cost of replacing the battery by 700 to 800 yuan.

4. His method of replacing old batteries is very economical. But it's not the most economical, the most economical way is to add some water and then buy a Jinhai battery capacity restorer on Taobao to remove sulfidation. This method is the most economical. You will also save a few dollars on the cost of replacing lead-acid batteries like that friend did.

1. The battery is not working, which means the battery's endurance is not working. If you charge your two low voltage batteries separately, you can still charge them with such high voltage

If the two pieces are better than the original two, then the battery life will naturally increase

3. Nowadays, batteries are maintenance free, unlike the previous ones that require water addition. However, regular liquid addition and maintenance with a repairer can still extend the battery life, which is generally said to be extended by 3-6 months

4. This method is only temporary,

It is best to use a battery level tester to measure the quality of each battery, and then replace it with a new one. Be careful not to turn it on until it runs out of battery. Charge it frequently, but do not charge it for too long

1. The no-load voltage of the charger - for a three-stage charger, this voltage is the float voltage, usually 13.5v-13.8v for a single battery (usually indicated on the battery, which can also be found in the manual). For 36v, it is 40.5v-41.4v, and for 48v, it is 54v-55.2v. Therefore, considering the error of your multimeter, both 53.6V and 55.6V seem to be normal, after all, they have entered the float charging stage and turned on the light, so the requirements for their values are not very strict.

2. The charging termination voltage of the charger - this voltage is known as the turn signal voltage, usually 14.4v-15.0v for a single battery (usually indicated on the battery, which can also be found in the manual). For 36v, it is 43.2v-45.0v, and for 48v, it is 57.6v-60.0v.

3. The actual charging termination voltage of the charger - for sealed batteries, its value should be 2.4V per cell, which is optimal. Therefore, the corresponding 36V is 43.2V, and the corresponding 48V is 57.6V. But in reality, the reason why this value needs to be appropriately increased is due to considerations of charging time and "full charge", which is 44.4-44.8V for 36V and 59.2V-59.7V for 48V. However, this can easily cause water loss, shorten battery life, and has both advantages and disadvantages. It's not easy to figure it out, just know how this voltage value is determined here.

The 48V battery pack has a voltage of 53.2V when fully charged

The cut-off voltage set for a 48V electric vehicle is 41.5-43.5V. During operation, the cut-off voltage must not be exceeded. Do not leave it idle for a period of time before driving, as it may cause over discharge and be detrimental to battery life.

The highest voltage of the 48V battery pack during charging is 59.2V. After being fully charged and left to stand for a few hours, the voltage stabilizes at around 53.2V.

Nowadays, most electric vehicles have 12 volts per battery, 4 batteries are 48 volts, and 5 batteries are 60 volts. However, there are also a few electric vehicles called "electric motorcycles" that use 16 volts per battery, sharing a total voltage of 64 volts for 4 batteries

There are four types of power batteries that can be used by electric bicycles, namely valve regulated lead-acid maintenance free batteries, colloidal lead-acid batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries, and lithium-ion batteries.

Lead-acid battery

Lead acid batteries are widely adopted and researched by various electric vehicles in various countries due to their low price, abundant material sources, high specific power, mature technology and manufacturing process, and high resource recovery rate. Electric bicycles, as labor-saving, convenient, fast, comfortable, affordable, and zero emission personal transportation tools, have been widely accepted and valued by relevant national departments. The research group on the development strategy of the light electric vehicle industry, participated by the Development Research Center of the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and other ministries, has proposed a report on the development strategy of the light electric vehicle industry. The national ownership of electric bicycles has exceeded 30 million. More than 95% of electric bicycles use valve regulated lead-acid batteries. [1]

The vast majority of commercialized electric bicycles use sealed lead-acid batteries, which do not require frequent water replenishment during use and are maintenance free. The main chemical reaction is: PbO2+2H2SO4+Pb ← charging and discharging → 2PbSO4+2H2O

When a lead-acid battery is charged, the sponge like lead that turns into the anode and cathode of lead sulfate releases the sulfuric acid components fixed in it into the electrolyte, respectively becoming sponge like lead and lead oxide. The concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte continuously increases; On the contrary, during discharge, the lead oxide in the anode and the sponge like lead on the cathode plate react with sulfuric acid in the electrolyte to form lead sulfate, while the concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte continuously decreases. When the lead-acid battery is not fully charged, the lead sulfate in the anode and cathode plates cannot be completely converted into sponge like lead and lead oxide. If the charging is insufficient for a long time, it will cause lead sulfate crystallization, causing the plates to vulcanize and the battery quality to deteriorate; On the contrary, if the battery is overcharged, the amount of oxygen produced by the anode is greater than the adsorption capacity of the cathode, which increases the internal pressure of the battery, causes gas leakage, reduces the electrolyte, and may also lead to the softening or detachment of active substances, greatly shortening the battery life.

Significant improvement in overall performance

In the past decade, the comprehensive performance of valve regulated lead-acid batteries for electric bicycles has greatly improved. Taking the 6-DZM-10 battery as an example. In 1997, this type of battery had insufficient capacity, with a 2-hour rate (5A) discharge capacity of less than 10Ah; Low specific energy, with a 2-hour rate of less than 30Wh/kg specific energy; Short lifespan, with a cycle life of only 50-60 cycles at 100% discharge depth (capacity reduced to before 8Ah; the same below), and a service life of only 3-5 months.

By 2003, the 2-hour rate (5A) discharge capacity had reached 11-13Ah; The specific energy of the 2-hour rate reaches 33-36Wh/kg; The cycle life of 100% discharge depth can reach 250-300 times, and the service life can reach more than 12 months. The problems with valve regulated lead-acid batteries for electric bicycles have been basically solved.

The deep cycle life performance of this type of battery has made new and breakthrough progress. The main performance is that the initial discharge capacity reaches 14Ah at a 2-hour rate (5A); The specific energy of the 2-hour rate reaches 38Wh/kg; The cycle life of 100% discharge depth exceeds 400 times, with a total discharge capacity of 4500Ah and a corresponding cumulative driving distance of about 18000km (calculated as 4km/Ah, the same below). The highest deep cycle life exceeds 600 cycles, with a total capacity of 6151Ah and a corresponding cumulative driving distance of approximately 24600km. If the capacity is less than 7Ah as the end of life mark, the deep cycle life is 943 cycles, and the total released capacity is 8710Ah, with a corresponding cumulative driving distance of about 34800km. If the battery pack has a deep cycle life of 250 cycles or a total capacity of 2250Ah and a corresponding cumulative driving distance of 9000km, it can be guaranteed to be used for 1 year. [1]

Pay attention to matching with chargers

Over the years of practical use, both vehicle manufacturers and battery manufacturers of electric bicycles have gradually recognized the importance of matching batteries with equipment related to electric drive systems, especially with chargers. Manufacturing quality is a prerequisite for the quality of batteries, but only when used in conjunction with a matching charger can high-quality batteries achieve their expected superior performance. Otherwise, high-quality batteries cannot fully utilize their potential superior performance. [1]

The appropriate charging parameters for batteries from different manufacturers vary due to differences in formula, structure, acid concentration, and other aspects. For example, in our research, we found that the charging parameters of batteries from different manufacturers can differ by 1.5-2.0V during the constant voltage stage (for 36V battery packs). The basic requirement for appropriate charging parameters is to ensure that the battery can be fully charged and will not experience abnormal capacity degradation due to under charging; It is also necessary to ensure that the battery does not experience severe dehydration and thermal runaway due to overcharging throughout its entire lifespan. [1]

Lead acid batteries for pure electric vehicles

The open-end lead-acid batteries used in early pure electric vehicles adopted research results from the "Eighth Five Year Plan" period, and have achieved successful experience in 19 months (120000 kilometers) of use. The key is to accumulate work experience and meticulous maintenance experience in controlling the charging method, discharging depth, timely water replenishment, and other system matching. In recent years, the development of four wheeled micro electric vehicles (including tour buses, patrol cars, golf carts, short distance road vehicles, etc.) has been rapid, and most of the vehicles are equipped with open-ended lead-acid batteries. The corresponding model of battery is favored by battery manufacturers. [1]

The electric vehicle adopts a new product of valve controlled sealed lead-acid battery, which has the following performance: 3-hour rate capacity of 55Ah; The specific energy at a 3-hour rate is 33Wh/kg and 84Wh/L; The cycle life of 75% discharge depth reaches over 400 times. I believe that the successful experience of valve regulated lead acid batteries used in electric bicycles can be extended to valve regulated lead acid batteries used in pure electric vehicles, and their performance will be further improved.

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