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Although wind and solar energy can achieve emission free when generating electricity, they rely on wind and sun, and such supply can not always meet the demand. Similarly, it is more efficient to operate at maximum capacity, so it is impossible to add or reduce power generation according to demand. For decades, energy researchers have been trying to solve a major challenge, namely, how to store excess power so that it can be released back to the power grid when needed?

According to foreign media, recently, researchers from Idaho National Laboratory in the United States developed a new electrode material for electrochemical batteries, solving the above problems. The battery can efficiently convert excess power and water into hydrogen. When the power demand increases, the electrochemical battery can conversely convert hydrogen into electricity for power grid. The hydrogen can also be used as fuel for heating, vehicles or other purposes.

Researchers have long recognized the potential of hydrogen as an energy storage medium, so they improved a battery called Proton Ceramic Electrochemical Cell (PCEC), which can use electricity to decompose steam into hydrogen and oxygen.

However, in the past, such equipment had limitations, especially when operating at high temperatures up to 800 degrees Celsius. High temperature requires expensive materials and accelerates the degradation of materials, which makes the cost of electrochemical batteries extremely high.

In this study, the researchers described a new type of oxygen electrode material, which is a conductor that can simultaneously promote water decomposition and oxygen reduction reaction. Different from most electrochemical batteries, this new material is a perovskite compound oxide, which allows the battery to convert hydrogen and oxygen into electricity without additional hydrogen.

Prior to this, researchers had developed a 3D grid structure for the electrode to make its surface area larger to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen. The combination of 3D grid electrode and new electrode material enables the battery to be self-sufficient at a high temperature of 400 to 600 degrees Celsius and can be operated reversibly.

The researcher said: We have proved that the PCEC can operate reversibly at such low temperature, and can decompose water into hydrogen without any external hydrogen supply, and then convert it into electricity to achieve self-sufficiency.

In the past, oxygen electrodes only conducted electrons and oxygen ions, while new perovskite can conduct triple conduction, that is, conduct electrons, oxygen ions and protons. In practical applications, electrodes that can conduct triple conduction will react faster and more efficiently, thus reducing the operating temperature while maintaining good performance.

In the future, researchers hope to continue to combine innovative materials with cutting-edge manufacturing processes and continue to improve this electrochemical battery, so that this technology can be applied to industrial scale.

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