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According to foreign media reports, Russian researchers from Skoltech University, D. Mendeleev University and RAS Institute of Chemical Physics have synthesized and tested new polymer cathode materials that can be used in lithium double ion batteries. The test results show that the performance of the new cathode is better than that of lithium battery. It can not only cycle 25000 charging cycles, but also complete the charging in a few seconds. It can be used to produce potassium double ion battery with lower price.

As many devices are mostly in automatic mode, the global power consumption is increasing year by year, and the demand for energy storage solutions is also rising. With high power, high discharge/charge rate and large storage capacity per unit mass, lithium battery has become an important storage device for electronic products, power transportation and global power grid. For example, Australia is launching a series of large-scale lithium battery storage projects to manage its rich solar and wind energy.

If the output of lithium batteries continues to rise, the world's lithium resources will be exhausted. For example, Congo has developed 60% of the local cobalt for the production of lithium batteries, leading to a surge in the price of cobalt. The same is true for lithium resources. The process of lithium mining consumes a large amount of water resources, which also brings great challenges to the ecological environment. Therefore, researchers are developing new energy storage equipment, hoping to use metal resources that are easy to exploit and have the same working principle as lithium batteries as raw materials

The research team adopts post lithium double ion technology, which is based on the electrochemical process of electrolyte anions and cations, and can greatly improve the charging rate compared with lithium batteries. In addition, its cathode prototype uses polymer aromatic amine, which can be synthesized from a variety of organic compounds.

FilippA. Oberezkov, a doctor from Skoltech University, said: Our previous research focus was on polymer cathode, so that fast charging and large capacity batteries can be charged and discharged in a few seconds, but we are not satisfied with this. We also tested several alternatives, such as linear polymers, where each monomer unit is bonded to only two adjacent units. In this study, we used a new branched polymer, each unit of which is bonded with at least three other units to form a larger network structure, thus speeding up the electrode process dynamics. The electrodes made of these materials also exhibit higher charging and discharging rates.

The electrolyte of a standard lithium battery contains a large number of lithium atoms, which are divided into positive and negative electrodes through a separator. In rechargeable batteries, most lithium atoms are bound in the crystal structure of the cathode. As the battery discharges, lithium atoms move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode through the separator. The research team found that the positive ions (i.e. lithium cations) and negative ions of the electrolyte in the electrochemical process can enter and exit the anode and cathode structures respectively by studying the dual ion battery. It is worth noting that the scientists used potassium electrolyte instead of expensive lithium electrolyte in the experiment of making potassium double ion battery.

The team used diphenylamine (PDPAPZ) and phenothiazine (PPTZPZ) to synthesize two new dihydrophenazine copolymers as cathode materials, and used lithium metal and potassium metal as cathode materials. Because the anode determines the characteristics of the prototype of the semi battery, scientists combine them to quickly evaluate the performance of new cathode materials.

Although the performance of PPTZPZ semi battery is flat, the performance of PDPAPZ is good. The lithium half battery made of PDPAPZ has a very fast charging and discharging speed. After 25000 charging cycles, it still shows good stability and its capacity remains at one third. That is to say, under normal circumstances, if the ordinary mobile phone battery remains stable, it can be used for 70 years even if it is charged and discharged every day. The energy density of the PDP APZ potassium half battery is up to 398Wh/kg, while the energy density of the ordinary lithium battery is only 200-250Wh/kg even if the weight of the cathode and electrolyte is included. Therefore, the Russian research team has shown that polymer cathode materials can be fully used to manufacture efficient lithium and potassium double ion batteries.

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