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Performance comparison between lithium iron phosphate battery pack and ternary lithium ion battery. In the current power lithium battery market, lithium iron phosphate battery packs and ternary lithium ion batteries are mainly used. Although both of them belong to secondary batteries and can be used repeatedly for charging and discharging, due to the differences in materials, there are still large differences in the performance reflected in the use level.

Performance comparison of lithium iron phosphate battery pack and ternary lithium ion battery

The so-called lithium iron phosphate battery refers to the lithium ion battery using lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material. The characteristic of this type of battery is that it does not contain precious metal elements (such as cobalt). Because it does not contain precious metal materials, the raw material cost of lithium iron phosphate battery can be compressed very low. Lithium iron phosphate battery pack has the advantages of high temperature resistance, strong safety and stability, low price and better cycle performance.

Ternary lithium-ion batteries refer to lithium-ion batteries that use nickel-cobalt lithium manganate as the positive material and graphite as the negative material. Unlike the lithium iron phosphate battery pack, the voltage platform of the ternary lithium ion battery is very high, which means that the specific energy and specific power of the ternary lithium ion battery are higher under the same volume or weight. In addition, ternary lithium-ion batteries also have great advantages in terms of high rate charging and low temperature resistance.

1. Comparison between energy density and mileage

Compared with the lithium iron phosphate battery pack, the ternary lithium ion battery has higher energy density and higher voltage, so the battery pack with the same weight has larger battery capacity, and the car can run farther and faster. Tesla ModelS has a battery life of more than 400 kilometers. BAIC EV200 uses ternary lithium-ion battery manufactured by SK of South Korea, with a theoretical cruise mileage of 200km, while its predecessor EV150 uses lithium iron phosphate battery, with a range of only 150km.

In contrast, the current domestic mainstream lithium iron phosphate battery energy density is only about 150Wh/kg. According to the analysis of domestic battery industry experts, there is little hope that the energy density of lithium iron phosphate battery pack can reach 300Wh/kg in the next few years.

2. Space occupation comparison

As for the huge electric bus, the impact of space occupation is small. However, as for home electric vehicles, space occupation is more important. The lithium iron phosphate battery pack with low energy density will occupy a small amount of car space, and due to its larger weight, the discharge duration in use will also be greatly affected. Relatively speaking, the ternary lithium-ion battery with high energy density saves space for family vehicles while handling the weight problem.

3. Comparison of low-temperature discharge performance

With 25 ℃ as the reference room temperature, the discharge capacity of the two types of batteries at 55 ℃ and 25 ℃ is almost the same. However, at minus 20 ℃, the ternary lithium ion battery has obvious advantages over the lithium iron phosphate battery pack.

China has a vast territory and a complex climate. The temperature changes from the three northeastern provinces in the northernmost to the Hainan islands in the southernmost are very rich. Take Beijing as an example. As the main market of electric vehicles, the highest temperature in Beijing in summer is about 40 ℃, while in winter, it basically remains around minus 6 ℃, or even lower. Such temperature range is obviously suitable for ternary lithium ion batteries with better low-temperature performance. However, lithium iron phosphate battery, which attaches importance to high temperature resistance, will be somewhat weak in winter in Beijing.

4. Comparison of charging efficiency

In addition to battery life, charging is also an important link in the actual use of electric vehicles, and ternary lithium ion batteries have great advantages over lithium iron phosphate battery packs in terms of charging efficiency. There is no clear difference between the constant current ratio of the ternary lithium ion battery and the lithium iron phosphate battery when charged at less than 100 Ah. When charged at more than 100 Ah, the constant current ratio of the lithium iron phosphate battery decreases rapidly and the charging efficiency decreases rapidly.

5. Cost comparison

Compared with lithium iron phosphate battery, ternary battery needs more precious metals, and the most important is cobalt ore. In fact, our country has rich reserves of lithium ore and iron oxide phosphate, and there are advantages in manufacturing lithium iron phosphate batteries. However, due to the lack of cobalt ore in China, it will be difficult to manufacture ternary lithium ion batteries that must use cobalt.

In the early stage, it is practical to develop lithium iron phosphate battery packs. For example, the mainstream battery manufacturers in China processed lithium iron phosphate batteries in 2015. At that time, the electric vehicles using ternary lithium-ion batteries on the market, and the power lithium-ion batteries were basically foreign brand products (Panasonic, SK, etc.), and the price was also higher than that of the models using lithium iron phosphate batteries.

6. Cycle life comparison

With regard to household vehicles, the rated cycle life of ternary materials and lithium iron phosphate power lithium batteries is far beyond the use habits of actual users, so the service life can be completely assured. Assuming that the new energy vehicles are charged every 2-4 days, and the median value is charged every 3 days, it will take about 120 times to charge in one year, and it will take about 8 years to complete the cycle life of 1000 times, which is also basically more than the current average car change cycle of Chinese consumers.

At present, the market competition between lithium iron phosphate battery and ternary battery is still divided equally. In contrast, ternary lithium ion batteries do have better characteristics than lithium iron phosphate batteries. However, with the development of new energy sources, their development has been hindered, but in general, ternary polymer lithium ion batteries are better.

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