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Working principle of dry battery

The dry battery belongs to the primary battery in the chemical power supply. It is a disposable battery. Its carbon rod is used as the positive pole, and the zinc cylinder is used as the negative pole. It converts chemical energy into electrical energy to supply the external circuit. In the chemical reaction, because zinc is more active than manganese, zinc loses electrons and is oxidized, and manganese gains electrons and is reduced. Dry batteries are not only suitable for flashlights, semiconductor radios, radio recorders, cameras, electronic clocks, toys, etc., but also suitable for special, scientific research, telecommunications, navigation, special, medical and other fields in the national economy.

Generally, dry batteries are mostly manganese zinc batteries, with a positive carbon rod in the middle, a mixture of graphite and manganese dioxide, and a layer of fiber mesh outside. The net is coated with thick electrolyte paste, which is composed of ammonia chloride solution and starch, and a small amount of preservatives.

The critical working principle of dry cell is that the redox reaction is realized in a closed circuit. The electrode reaction formula of alkaline zinc manganese dry battery is: Zn+2MnO2+2NH4Cl=ZnCl2++Mn2O3+2NH3+H2O

The cylinder made of metal zinc skin, that is, the negative electrode. The battery discharge is the electrolytic reaction of ammonia chloride and zinc. The released charge is transferred from graphite to the positive carbon rod. The electrolytic reaction of zinc will release hydrogen. This gas will increase the internal resistance of the battery. The manganese dioxide mixed with graphite is used to absorb hydrogen.

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