-Advantages and disadvantages of lithium battery and nickel hydrogen battery

Advantages and disadvantages of lithium battery and nickel hydrogen battery
author:enerbyte source:本站 click309 Release date: 2023-02-20 10:18:13
abstract:
Advantages and disadvantages of NiMH battery: Advantages of Ni-MH battery 1. High energy density, 1.5 times higher than nickel cadmium; 2. The battery voltage is 1.2v-1.3v, which is equivalent to nickel cadmium battery; 3. No...

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Advantages and disadvantages of NiMH battery:

Advantages of Ni-MH battery

1. High energy density, 1.5 times higher than nickel cadmium;

2. The battery voltage is 1.2v-1.3v, which is equivalent to nickel cadmium battery;

3. No memory effect, long cycle life;

4. It can discharge with large current and has strong ability to withstand overcharge and overcharge;

5. Pollution-free, green and environment-friendly battery.

Disadvantages of NiMH battery:

1. The price is higher than that of nickel-cadmium battery, and the cathode material is rare earth alloy material;

2. High self-discharge speed.

Advantages and disadvantages of lithium ion battery:

Advantages of lithium ion battery

A. High voltage: the working voltage of the single battery is up to 3.7-3.8V (the cell voltage can be charged to 4.2V at most), which is three times of that of Ni-Cd and Ni-H batteries.

B. Large specific energy: at present, the actual specific energy that can be achieved is about 555Wh/kg, that is, the material can reach a specific capacity of more than 150mAh/g (3-4 times of Ni-Cd, 2-3 times of Ni-MH), which is close to about 88% of its theoretical value.

C. Long cycle life: generally, it can reach more than 500 times, even more than 1000 times, and lithium iron phosphate can reach more than 2000 times. For electrical appliances with small current discharge, the service life of the battery will double the competitiveness of the electrical appliances.

D. Good safety performance: pollution-free and memory-free. As the predecessor of Li-ion, the lithium-ion battery is easy to form dendrites and short circuit, which reduces its application field: Li-ion does not contain cadmium, lead, mercury and other elements that pollute the environment. A major disadvantage of some processes (such as sintered) Ni-Cd batteries is memory effect, which seriously restricts the use of batteries, but Li-ion does not have this problem at all.

E. Small self-discharge: the self-discharge rate of the fully charged Li-ion stored at room temperature for one month is about 2%, which is much lower than 25-30% of Ni-Cd and 30-35% of Ni and MH.

F. Fast charging and discharging: the capacity of 30 minutes of charging can reach more than 80% of the nominal capacity, and now the ferrophosphate battery can reach 90% of the nominal capacity in 10 minutes.

G. High operating temperature range: the operating temperature is - 25~55C. With the improvement of the electrolyte and positive electrode, it is expected to expand to - 40~70C.

Disadvantages of lithium-ion battery:

A. Aging: Unlike other rechargeable batteries, the capacity of lithium-ion batteries will decline slowly, which is not related to the number of times of use, but to the temperature. The possible mechanism is that the internal resistance gradually increases, so it is easier to be reflected in electronic products with high working current. Replacing graphite with lithium titanate seems to prolong the life.

Relation between storage temperature and rate of permanent loss of capacity:

Charging capacity storage temperature 0 ℃ storage temperature 25 ℃ storage temperature 40 ℃ storage temperature 60 ℃

40%~60% 2% 2%/year 4%/year 15%/year 25%/year

100% 6%/year 20%/year 35%/year 80%/June

B. Do not tolerate overcharge: when overcharged, the lithium ion embedded in excess will be permanently fixed in the lattice and cannot be released again, which may lead to short battery life and gas generation causing gas drum.

C. Do not tolerate over-discharge: when over-discharge occurs, the electrode will be de-inserted with too many lithium ions, which may lead to lattice collapse, thus shortening the service life and causing gas generation.

D. Multiple protection mechanisms: Since incorrect use will reduce the service life and may even lead to explosion, a variety of protection mechanisms have been added to the design of lithium-ion batteries.

Protection circuit: prevent overcharge, over-discharge, overload and overheating.

Exhaust hole: prevent excessive pressure inside the battery.

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