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1、 The materials are different. The plates of power batteries are mostly lead-calcium alloy, and the starting batteries are mostly lead-antimony alloy.

2、 The discharge time is different. The power battery can discharge at low current for several hours, and the discharge depth is very deep. The starting battery discharge time is very short,

But it operates with a large discharge current of hundreds of amperes.

3、 The concentration of electrolyte is different. In order to run farther, many people increase the concentration of power battery electrolyte to 1.31. In fact, it is very easy for the battery to vulcanize and make the plate inactive. The standard concentration of starting battery electrolyte is 1.28. At this concentration, a large discharge current can be obtained, making it easy for the car to start.

1、 The materials are different. The plates of power batteries are mostly lead-calcium alloy, and the starting batteries are mostly lead-antimony alloy.

2、 The discharge time is different. The power battery can discharge at low current for several hours, and the discharge depth is very deep. The starting battery discharge time is very short,

1、 Different nature

In the case of all new batteries, test the battery capacity with a discharge meter. Generally, the capacity of power battery is about 1000-1500mAh; The capacity of ordinary batteries is more than 2000mAh, and some can reach 3400mAh.

3、 Different discharge power

A 4200mAh power battery can discharge the energy in a few minutes, but ordinary batteries can't do it at all, so the discharge capacity of ordinary batteries can't be compared with that of power batteries. The biggest difference between power battery and ordinary battery is that its discharge power is large and its specific energy is high. Since the power battery is mainly used for vehicle energy supply, it has higher discharge power than ordinary battery

4、 Different applications

The batteries that provide driving power for electric vehicles are called power batteries, including traditional lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries and emerging lithium-ion power lithium batteries, which are divided into power-type power batteries (hybrid electric vehicles) and energy-type power batteries (pure electric vehicles); Lithium batteries used in mobile phones, laptops and other consumer electronic products are generally referred to as lithium batteries to distinguish them from power batteries used in electric vehicles.

Main types of power battery

At present, the mainstream technologies in the market are still lead acid battery technology, nickel hydrogen battery technology, fuel cell technology and lithium battery technology.

Lead acid battery

Lead-acid battery has the longest application history and the most mature technology. It is the battery with the lowest cost and price, and has achieved mass production. Among them, valve-regulated sealed lead-acid battery (VRLA) once became an important vehicle power battery, which was applied to EV and HEV developed by many European and American automobile companies, such as Saturn and EVI electric vehicles developed by General Motors in the 1980s and 1990s respectively.

However, lead-acid batteries have low specific energy, short battery life, high self-discharge rate and low cycle life; Lead, the main raw material, is heavy in weight and may cause environmental pollution of heavy metals during production and recovery. Therefore, at present, lead-acid batteries are mainly used for ignition devices when starting cars, as well as small equipment such as electric bicycles.

Nickel metal hydride battery

Nickel-hydrogen (Ni/MH) battery has good overcharge and discharge resistance, and does not have heavy metal pollution problems. In addition, there will be no increase or decrease of electrolyte in the working process, which can achieve sealed design and maintenance-free. Compared with lead-acid battery and nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-hydrogen battery has higher specific energy, specific power and cycle life.

Its disadvantage is that the battery has poor memory effect, and with the charging and discharging cycle, the hydrogen storage alloy gradually loses its catalytic capacity, and the internal pressure of the battery will gradually increase, affecting the use of the battery. In addition, the high price of nickel metal also leads to high cost.

In terms of key materials, Ni-MH battery is mainly composed of positive electrode, negative electrode, diaphragm and electrolyte, and the positive electrode is nickel electrode (Ni (OH) 2); Metal hydride (MH) is generally used as negative electrode; The electrolyte is mainly liquid, and the main component is potassium hydroxide (KOH). At present, the research focus of NiMH battery is mainly on positive and negative materials, and its technology research and development is relatively mature.

The vehicle NiMH battery has achieved mass production and use, and is the most widely used vehicle battery type in the development of hybrid electric vehicles. The most typical representative is the Toyota Prius, which has the largest scale of mass production of hybrid vehicles. PEVE, a joint venture between Toyota and Panasonic, is currently the world's largest manufacturer of Ni-MH power batteries.

Now that the NiMH battery has withdrawn from the mainstream power battery at this stage, why does Toyota persist in sticking to the NiMH battery camp?

This has to say the biggest advantage of NiMH battery: super durability!

Once the famous American automobile media "Consumer Report" conducted a comparative test on the first generation Prius after ten years of use. The test results show that the first generation Prius with NiMH battery has been running 330000 kilometers for 10 years, and compared with the data of the new car, the fuel consumption performance and power performance remain at the same level, indicating that the hybrid system and NiMH battery pack still work normally.

In addition, even after running 330000 kilometers in ten years, the Ni-MH battery pack of the first generation Prius has never had any problems, and the situation that people questioned ten years ago would significantly affect fuel consumption and power performance due to battery capacity degradation has not occurred. From this point of view, the Japanese, who have always been strict and conservative, really have unique reasons for their love of NiMH batteries.

fuel cell

Fuel cell is a kind of power generation device that directly converts chemical energy existing in fuel and oxidant into electrical energy. Fuel and air are sent into fuel cells respectively, and electricity is produced. It looks like a battery with positive and negative electrodes and electrolytes, but in essence it is not a "storage" but a "power plant".

Compared with ordinary chemical cells, fuel cells can supplement fuel, usually hydrogen. Some fuel cells can use methane and gasoline as fuel, but they are usually limited to industrial fields such as power plants and forklifts. The basic principle of hydrogen fuel cell is the reverse reaction of electrolytic water, which supplies hydrogen and oxygen to the anode and cathode respectively. After the hydrogen diffuses outward through the anode and reacts with the electrolyte, the released electrons reach the cathode through the external load.

The working principle of hydrogen fuel cell is that hydrogen is sent to the anode plate (cathode) of the fuel cell. After the action of catalyst (platinum), one of the electrons in the hydrogen atom is separated. The hydrogen ion (proton) that has lost electrons passes through the proton exchange membrane and reaches the cathode plate (cathode) of the fuel cell. The electrons cannot pass through the proton exchange membrane. This electron can only reach the cathode plate of the fuel cell through the external circuit, This generates current in the external circuit.

After reaching the cathode plate, the electrons recombine with oxygen atoms and hydrogen ions to form water. Since the oxygen supplied to the cathode plate can be obtained from the air, as long as the anode plate is continuously supplied with hydrogen, the cathode plate is supplied with air, and the water vapor is taken away in time, the electric energy can be continuously supplied.

The electricity from the fuel cell supplies power to the motor through the inverter, controller and other devices, and then drives the wheels to rotate through the transmission system, drive axle, etc., so that the vehicle can drive on the road. Compared with traditional vehicles, the energy conversion efficiency of fuel cell vehicles is as high as 60~80%, 2~3 times that of internal combustion engines.

The fuel of fuel cell is hydrogen and oxygen, and the product is clean water. It does not produce carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, nor does it emit sulfur and particles. Therefore, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are truly zero emission and zero pollution vehicles, and hydrogen fuel is the perfect vehicle energy!

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