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(1) Weight

In terms of the voltage of each cell battery, both nickel hydrogen and nickel cadmium batteries are 1.2V, while lithium ion batteries are 3.6V. The voltage of lithium ion batteries is three times that of nickel hydrogen and nickel cadmium batteries. Moreover, the weight of lithium ion batteries of the same type is almost equal to that of nickel cadmium batteries, while nickel hydrogen batteries are relatively heavy. However, due to the terminal voltage of 3.6V for lithium ion batteries, the number of single battery combinations can be reduced by 2/3 when outputting the same voltage, thereby reducing the weight and volume of the formed battery pack.

(2) Memory effect

Cadmium nickel batteries have a memory effect, so regular discharge management is necessary. This periodic discharge management is a passive management in a fuzzy state, even when the charge of a nickel cadmium battery is uncertain (discharging a nickel cadmium battery each time or after several uses varies depending on the manufacturer and usage of the nickel cadmium battery). This cumbersome discharge management cannot be prevented when using cadmium nickel batteries. Relatively speaking, lithium ion batteries have no memory effect and are very convenient and simple to use. They can be directly charged without considering the residual voltage of the secondary battery, and the charging time can naturally be shortened.

Memory effect is a major natural enemy of rechargeable batteries, generally believed to be caused by long-term incorrect charging, which can cause premature battery aging. The memory effect can prevent the battery from effectively charging, resulting in the phenomenon of being fully charged and discharged. The method to prevent memory effects from occurring in batteries is to strictly follow the principle of sufficient discharge of light, which means that it is best to discharge the remaining electricity in the battery before charging, and to charge it fully at once. Generally, cadmium nickel batteries are prone to memory effects, so special attention should be paid when charging; NiMH batteries have no memory effect in theory, but it is best to follow the principle of sufficient light emission during use, which is why many chargers provide additional discharge functions. With regard to batteries with reduced capacity due to memory effects, it is possible to repeat the method of emitting light several times at a time, and most batteries can be repaired.

(3) Self discharge rate

Cadmium nickel batteries are 15%/month to 30%/month, nickel hydrogen batteries are 25%/month to 35%/month, and lithium ion batteries are 2%/month to 5%/month. Among the above three types of batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries have the highest self-discharge rate, while lithium ion batteries have the lowest self-discharge rate.

(4) Charging method

The charging problem of rechargeable batteries has always been the focus of attention, and correct and good charging methods can ensure the battery life. There are various recommended charging methods for rechargeable batteries, and different charging methods have different requirements for the circuit of the charger, which naturally affects the production cost of the charger. The relationship between battery charging time and charging current is: dividing the battery capacity by the charging current can obtain the charging time. Considering the loss during the charging process, the obtained charging time is multiplied by the coefficient of 1.2.

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