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Power lithium-ion batteries are the core manufacturing link of new energy vehicles, with a very high cost proportion, accounting for at least 25% of the entire vehicle price. Therefore, it is an inevitable trend for vehicle manufacturers to produce their own batteries, and it is also the key to whether traditional car companies can succeed and become winners in the electrification transformation.

Based on the importance of power lithium-ion batteries, both car companies and battery manufacturers have made great efforts to "compete" in order to have a stronger voice, so that they can independently price and obtain higher profit returns.

The Technical Route of the Hidden Corner

From the current path of car companies successively laying out the power lithium battery market, it is evident that vehicle manufacturers are not only satisfied with self manufactured batteries, but have embarked on the path of battery technology competition, which is bound to further stir up the fiercely competitive battery market. Battery manufacturers have already begun to "find ways" to stabilize their position.

Usually, the market pays more attention to the technical route of battery factories, but many car companies have also launched investment layouts in battery technology.

Domestic car companies

Great Wall Motor Dayu battery. On June 29, Great Wall Motor officially announced the "Dayu Battery". Shan Hongyan, vice president of Great Wall Motor, said that this battery was named "Dayu Battery", the important reason for which was that the principle of safety assurance adopted the "dredging" concept of Dayu's flood control, and the use of multi echelon commutation system, fast extreme cold suppression system, multi-level directional explosive removal system, and fire extinguishing box system ensured the battery safety from the pack level to achieve the effect of no fire and no explosion.

In addition, Honeycomb Energy, a battery company affiliated to Great Wall Motor, has independently developed a cobalt free laminated battery, which has been installed in the Great Wall Oula Cherry Cat model, and is expected to produce 215GWh by 2025.

SAIC Intelligent has added silicon to supplement lithium batteries. At the end of last year, Zhiji Automobile, jointly built by SAIC Group, Zhangjiang High Tech, and Alibaba Group, announced that its model would be equipped with a "silicon doped lithium supplement" technology jointly developed with CATL. Although the energy density is 240Wh/kg, the range will also reach 1000 kilometers.

BYD blade battery. Last March, BYD officially launched blade batteries and accelerated the external supply layout of batteries. Currently, it is equipped with models under the Hongqi brand, and the supply cooperation with Hyundai Motor of South Korea may begin in 2022.

NIO's 150 degree solid-state battery. On January 9th of this year, NIO Motors unveiled a 150kWh solid-state battery pack at the NIODay2020 conference in Chengdu, sparking three waves with one stone. Suddenly, there was a technological frenzy in the field of power lithium batteries. NIO Automobile officially claims that the battery pack can achieve an energy density of 360Wh/kg, breaking the range of 1000 kilometers, and will be used in the fourth quarter of 2022.

Industry insiders have analyzed this and stated that there is essentially no disruptive technology, which is a thermosetting battery, not a true solid-state battery, but a new term.

Guangqi Aian graphene battery, magazine battery, and super fast battery. On January 15th, GAC Aian announced a new preview on its official Weibo account that its graphene based super fast charging battery has entered the stage of mass production and testing in real vehicles. On March 10th, GAC Aian announced the new generation of power lithium-ion battery safety technology - magazine battery, achieving the first time in history that a complete package of ternary lithium-ion batteries does not ignite!

On August 30th, GAC Aian launched super fast battery technology and the world's highest charging power A480 super charging pile. Among them, the ultra fast battery was successfully developed by a high-tech company owned by employees, "Juwan Technology Research", after 7 years of research and development. It can achieve a "charging time of 5 minutes and a range of 200 kilometers".

Dongfeng Lan Tu "Three No Batteries". In March of this year, Dongfeng's high-end brand Lantu announced that its model Lantu FREE pure electric version, equipped with a ternary lithium battery, has passed the new national standard test. After testing, the battery showed no smoke, fire, or explosion after being triggered by thermal runaway and emitting a thermal event alarm signal.

Foreign car companies

Mercedes Benz held a strategic announcement meeting on July 22nd to transition from "electric first" to "comprehensive electric", with plans to achieve a comprehensive pure electric layout by 2030. In terms of battery technology roadmap, Chief Technology Officer Sajjad Khan stated that the next generation of power lithium batteries will adjust their chemical composition according to customer needs in different markets; We will collaborate with battery material company SilaNano and other partners in anode technology to increase the energy density of the battery to 900Wh/L through silicon based anode technology; In the future, we will strengthen cooperation with our partners and further promote high silicon anode technology.

At the same time, Mercedes Benz is exploring the development of solid-state battery technology with its partners. The energy density of solid-state batteries is expected to reach 1200Wh/L, exceeding 400Wh/kg.

The Volkswagen Group held its first "PowerDay" on March 15th of this year, proposing the Unifiedcell (Standard Cell), which will be implanted with intelligent technology and is planned to be launched in 2023. By 2030, it will cover 80% of the Volkswagen Group's electric vehicle models. By then, for entry-level electric vehicles, battery costs will be reduced by 50%.

At the same time, Volkswagen Group promotes several types of lithium iron phosphate battery, high manganese battery and solid state battery. Volkswagen expects that by 2025, solid-state batteries will have a 30% increase in battery life and a 50% reduction in charging time. Using a 350kW overcharge can reach 80% of its battery capacity in just 12 minutes.

BMW is betting on both hydrogen fuel power cells and solid-state batteries. Previously, BMW announced plans to announce a hydrogen powered SUV in 2022, and has partnered with 11 companies in the dual hydrogen mobility field.

In terms of solid-state batteries, in May this year, BMW and Ford announced their lead investment in the B-round financing of SolidPower, a US solid-state battery startup, which received $130 million. This financing will be used to expand SolidPower's automotive battery production scale to achieve future integration with customer vehicles. According to the plan, BMW and Ford will respectively purchase solid-state batteries for test vehicles from SolidPower in 2022.

Meanwhile, at the end of last year, Ford and BMW validated the battery units produced by hundreds of SolidPower production lines and officially confirmed their commercial cooperation plan with SolidPower.

Final pointing towards solid-state batteries

Observing the layout of battery technology routes for domestic and foreign car companies, it is not difficult to see that solid-state batteries are the preferred direction for future technological development. The resurgence of solid-state batteries is due to the release of NIO's 150kWh solid-state battery pack at the beginning of this year, which confirms the enthusiasm and desire of the new energy vehicle industry and the capital market for new technologies for power lithium batteries.

In fact, solid-state batteries have long been seen as a way to break through the performance limitations of today's electric vehicles.

In terms of the solid-state battery market, it has entered a stage of intense competition, with battery companies, automotive companies, investment institutions, and research institutions competing in three aspects: capital, technology, and talent.

In China, there are many companies that claim to be solid-state battery companies, such as Huineng, Jiangsu Qingtao, Beijing Weilan, Ganfeng Lithium, CATL, Guoxuan High tech, Wuxi Haite, SAIC, etc. The first four companies are relatively close to industrialization, and have already built at least a pilot scale experimental line, and have produced products for commercial use in unmanned aerial vehicles.

It is worth noting that CATL has currently mastered two major solid-state battery processes: "inorganic pre lithiated silicon carbon negative electrode" and "nanoscale coated ultra-high nickel positive electrode".

Ganfeng Lithium signed a contract with Dongfeng Technology Center on July 16th to discuss cooperation in the demonstration and operation of solid-state batteries, and signed a demonstration and promotion agreement for the E70 model of solid-state batteries. It is expected that in early 2022, Ganfeng lithium-ion solid-state batteries may be the first to be installed in the Dongfeng E70 model, and vehicle delivery and demonstration promotion will be completed. This means that the solid state battery of Ganfeng lithium battery will be installed in early next year!

In Japan and South Korea, Toyota, Panasonic, Hitachi, and others are currently exhibiting samples of sulfide all solid-state batteries, announcing mass production of sulfide all solid-state cells by 2025.

There are three important companies in South Korea, Hyundai, LG Chemical, and Samsung. In March 2020, Samsung published on NatureEnergy a sulfide all solid-state battery with over 1000 cycles at 60 degrees Celsius, using a silver carbon composite lithium-free negative electrode material, which is currently the best publicly available sulfide all solid-state battery.

In Europe and the United States, Germany, France, and the UK are the three most important countries in Europe, with car companies mainly promoting it, such as Dyson in the UK, BMW in Germany, and Volkswagen. The United States is a prominent startup company, including Quantum Scape, SolidPower, Cymbet, Polyplus, 24M, Sakti3, and others. The most famous one is Quantum Scape, known as the annual battery "monster stock".

It is understood that QuantumScape recently announced that it is advancing the testing of 10 layer solid-state batteries to prove that they can be used in conjunction with larger battery formats required for mass production of electric vehicles.

It is worth pointing out that Volkswagen Group is the largest shareholder of QuantumScape, and both parties have collaborated to build a solid-state battery production line with the goal of starting production as early as 2024.

Write at the end

The relationship between car manufacturers and battery factories is like a spring, and if you are weak, it will be strong. In the era of electrification, due to the high proportion of battery costs, battery companies have become the most influential part of the industry chain. Car companies cannot be willing to tolerate the loss of initiative, and battery factories also do not want to become fish on the chopping board and be slaughtered by others.

In this situation, there will inevitably be a "fierce competition" between car companies and battery factories, both in terms of technical route and production layout, which are the focus of the game between both parties. Who can inject fresh blood into the market, take the lead, and lead the new energy industry with product performance breakthroughs? Let's wait and see!

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