-How to Power a Motor with a Battery: Selection and Connection

How to Power a Motor with a Battery: Selection and Connection
author:enerbyte source:本站 click514 Release date: 2022-07-14 11:51:39
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Keywords of this site:Lithium Forklift Battery,China lithium batteryConnecting a motor with a battery might sound hard to do, but you can actually do so as long as you consider the factors surrounding the steps. If you wish to know what those factors are, check out this article!How to power a...

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Keywords of this site:Lithium Forklift Battery,China lithium battery

Connecting a motor with a battery might sound hard to do, but you can actually do so as long as  you consider the factors surrounding the steps. If you wish to know what those factors are, check out this article!

How to power a DC motor with a battery?

Don't be concerned if you wish to connect a motor to a battery; you can accomplish it. You may directly connect your batteries to your H-bridge. It also depends on what you're seeking to do. When your batteries die and you simply utilize PWM for your motors (no feedback, such as encoders), you may notice a decline in revolutions per minute.

Assume you have 100RPMs at 24V with PWM set to 80%. As your batteries deplete, you could have 80 RPMs or less momentum at 20V while still using 80 percent PWM (we're not sure what you're attempting to do with your motors).

However, there are certain disadvantages to powering the H-bridge. The disadvantage of directly powering the H-bridge is that motor performance is dependent on battery voltage, and you may wish to employ feedback to assess RPMs, such as an encoder. When your battery level declines, so do your RPMs, so just raise your PWM to retain the proper RPMs.

How to select the battery for motor?

There are several factors you need to be aware of before selecting a battery. Here are those factors.

1. Capacity

A battery's capacity determines how long it can work at a given voltage and discharge rate. A 12V, 2Ah (2000mAh) battery pack, for example, should be able to power a 12V motor consuming 2A continuously for one hour (regardless of chemistry). It can also power a 12V motor for 2 hours at 1A or 4 hours at 0.5A. Divide the capacity (assuming you're operating an actuator at the same voltage) by the actuator's current under normal load to calculate the motor's lifespan.

2. Discharge Rate

A battery's continuous discharge rate is critical because if you select a battery that cannot discharge at the needed current, the robot will not work properly or at all.

Assume you choose four 12V motors for your 4WD outdoor mobile robot. Under normal load, each motor uses 1A and more when tilted. You picked a 12V, 2Ah NiMh battery pack without considering the steady drain rate. You observe that even the slightest obstacle or tilt causes your robot to stop. Why? Driving all four motors in this situation consumes 4A, despite the fact that a NiMh pack can only discharge at roughly 1.2 times its capacity (1.2 x 2Ah = 2.4A). As a result, the current drawn by the motors exceeds that drawn by the batteries.

3. Battery’s Charger

Rather than delving into the specifics of what factors to consider while charging batteries, it is strongly advised that if you are reading this lesson, you do not attempt to build your own charger or modify an existing charger to operate with various packs. Choose a smart charger that clearly states that it is compatible with your batteries' chemistry, voltage, and configuration.

4. Chemical of the Battery

You should also be aware of the chemicals of the battery. Make sure you know each type of the chemical of the battery

A. NiCd

Because of the memory effect, these NiCd batteries are progressively becoming obsolete: if the battery is not properly drained and subsequently recharged to full capacity, a portion of the capacity is lost each time.

B. Lead Acid

Lead acid batteries are still the most cost-effective alternative for high capacity, but their weight limits its use to medium-sized robots.

C. NiMh

This type of battery is by far the most frequent in mobile robots. NiMh batteries are rechargeable and offer a favorable price/capacity/weight ratio. Because there is no memory effect in the battery, each charge should completely replenish it.

D. Alkaline

In the short term, these are the most affordable batteries and provide more voltage than NiMh, but they are detrimental to the environment and must be replaced on a regular basis.

E. LiPo

Because of their light weight, high discharge rates, and overall capacity, they are quickly becoming the most popular type of battery. Because the voltages increase in 3.7V increments, you must plan on utilizing LiPo before selecting your electronics and actuators.

How do you connect a motor to a battery?

Trolling motors, in particular, are known for their rapid, adaptable, and silent power, which provides anglers with a great deal of agility and ease. These motors should be coupled to one or more batteries that are solely utilized to power the motor for best performance. Trolling motors are usually powered by 12-volt, 24-volt, or 36-volt batteries, and any boat owner may connect them.

You will need jumper wires that have 6 gauges, circuit breakers that have around 40 - 50 amps, and a set of wrench. Before you start connecting the motor to the battery, make sure that everything is already off.

Connect the 12-volt trolling motors to a single 12-volt battery by connecting the black negative lead of the motor to the negative battery connector and the red positive lead of the motor to the positive battery terminal. Install a 50-amp circuit breaker on the positive connector.

Connect the 24-volt trolling motors to two 12-volt batteries by connecting one battery's black negative lead to the negative battery terminal of the other battery and the trolling motor's red positive lead to the positive battery terminal of the other battery. On this positive connection, install a 40-amp circuit breaker. Connect a jumper wire between the first battery's positive terminal and the second battery's negative terminal.

Connect three 12-volt batteries to three 36-volt motors in sequence. Connect the black negative lead of the trolling motor to the negative terminal of the first of three batteries, and the red positive lead to the positive terminal of the third. Install a 40-amp circuit breaker on this positive connection. Connect two jumper wires in this configuration: one from the positive terminal of the first battery to the negative terminal of the second battery and one from the positive terminal of the second battery to the negative terminal of the third battery.

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