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Safety is actually one of the fundamental driving forces for the development of all solid-state batteries. Here are the advantages of solid-state batteries

One of the advantages: thin - small size

In fact, the volume energy density is a very important parameter for the battery. For the application field, the requirements from high to low are consumer electronics, household electric vehicles and electric buses.

Simply put, it means that the volume energy density is high, so batteries of the same quality can only be made smaller in size.

The available space in electronic products is often very limited, and many products (such as mobile phones and tablets) have nearly one-third of their volume and quality occupied by batteries. In addition, with the demands of manufacturers and consumers to further improve the capacity (increase battery life) and compress the volume (portable, beautiful, and easy to design) of batteries, lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) batteries with high voltage and the highest volume energy density are still the mainstream products that should be taken seriously.

In traditional lithium-ion batteries, separators and electrolytes are required, which together account for nearly 40% of the volume and 25% of the mass of the battery.

If they are replaced with solid electrolytes (mainly organic and inorganic ceramic materials), the distance between the positive and negative electrodes (traditionally filled with diaphragm electrolytes, now filled with solid electrolytes) can be reduced to even a few to ten micrometers, greatly reducing the thickness of the battery - therefore, all solid-state battery technology is a necessary path for battery miniaturization and thin-film production.

Moreover, many solid-state batteries prepared through physical/chemical vapor deposition (PVD/CVD) may have an overall thickness of only a few tens of micrometers, making it possible to make very small power devices and integrate them into the field of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems).

The ability to make very small batteries is also a major feature of all solid state battery technology, which can facilitate the battery to adapt to the application of various new small size intelligent electronic device. In this regard, traditional lithium-ion battery technology is difficult to achieve.

A key obstacle to the practical use of many nanomaterials currently lies in their large specific surface area and low bulk density. This leads to products based on these materials often occupying too much volume at the same mass, which means that the volume energy density is too low to meet the requirements of general industrial products.

So in current research on nano (battery) materials, it is often chosen not to report these parameters, and the reason is not difficult to understand.

Advantage 2: The prospect of flexibility

All solid-state batteries can be further optimized to become flexible batteries, bringing more functionality and experience.

In fact, even brittle ceramic materials can often bend when their thickness is below the millimeter level, making them more flexible.

Correspondingly, the flexibility of all solid-state batteries will also be significantly improved after being lightweight. By using appropriate packaging materials (not rigid shells), the batteries made can withstand hundreds to thousands of bends, ensuring that their performance does not deteriorate.

In fact, flexible electronic devices represented by various wearable devices are an important direction for the development of the next generation of electronic products, and this requires that the components in the product also need to have flexibility. Therefore, flexible all solid-state batteries are a very promising future star in scientific research and industry.

Moreover, the potential of functionalized all solid-state batteries is far beyond that of flexible batteries. After optimizing the structure of the battery material, transparent batteries can be made, stretchable batteries with a stretching range of up to 300%, or integrated devices for power generation and storage that can be integrated with photovoltaic devices. There are still many innovative application prospects in terms of functionality that all solid-state batteries imply, In this regard, the imagination of researchers and engineers will bring us more and more surprises.

Advantage 3: More secure

As an energy storage device, practically all batteries cannot be absolutely safe in terms of thermodynamics.

However, the factors that determine the true safety of batteries in practical applications are multifaceted, including the electrode material characteristics of the battery, the properties of the electrolyte, and the battery management system in electronic products.

At present, the safety of commercial lithium-ion batteries is a key concern for everyone. Using "not ideal enough" to evaluate the safety of current batteries should be a more appropriate evaluation.

Advantage 4: Light - High energy density

After the use of all solid-state electrolytes, the applicable material system of lithium-ion batteries will also change. One of the core points is that it is not necessary to use graphite negative electrodes embedded with lithium, but directly use metal lithium as the negative electrode. This can significantly reduce the amount of negative electrode materials and significantly improve the energy density of the entire battery.

In addition, many new high-performance electrode materials may not have good compatibility with existing electrolyte systems before, but this problem can be alleviated to some extent by using all solid-state electrolytes.

Taking into account the above two factors, compared to general lithium-ion batteries, all solid-state batteries can have a significant increase in energy density. Nowadays, many laboratories have been able to produce all solid-state batteries with an energy density of 300-400Wh/kg in small-scale batches (generally, lithium-ion batteries are 100-220Wh/kg).

From the data of energy density, perhaps all solid-state batteries really have the hope of upgrading our lives from "one charge per day" to "one charge per two days".

Many challenges

The development of solid-state batteries currently faces many challenges. Due to the fact that the electrolyte materials of solid-state batteries are all solid and the conductive process is point contact, it is necessary to solve the problem based on interface impedance in the battery manufacturing process.

In addition, due to the volume expansion and contraction of all batteries during charging and discharging, liquid batteries have a higher tolerance, but solid-state batteries may experience cracking. In terms of current technological level, there is still significant room for improvement in the cycling equipment of solid-state batteries.

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