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Thermal management methods for lithium-ion batteries

At present, the thermal management of power lithium battery system can be divided into four categories: Free cooling, air cooling, liquid cooling and direct cooling. Among them, Free cooling is a passive thermal management mode, while air cooling, liquid cooling and direct current are active. The important difference between the three is the difference of heat exchange medium.

● Free cooling

Free cooling has no additional device for heat exchange.

● Air cooling

Air cooling is important for heat exchange using air as the medium, which cools the heated lithium-ion battery pack through the flow of air. According to the direction of air flow and the layout of the refrigeration structure, the air cooling method can be simply divided into two cooling methods: serial and parallel. According to the driving mode of air, it can be divided into natural ventilation and forced ventilation.

● Liquid cooling

Liquid cooling is a heat control method that uses liquid as a thermal conductive medium. According to whether it is in contact with the battery, it can be divided into non-contact and non-contact types; According to the driving mode of liquid flow, it can be divided into active cooling and passive cooling; According to the flow channel of the liquid, it can be divided into tube type liquid cooling and plate type liquid cooling.

● Direct cooling

Direct cooling uses refrigerants as the heat exchange medium, which can absorb a large amount of heat during the gas-liquid phase transition process. Compared to frozen liquid, the heat exchange efficiency can be increased by more than three times, and the heat inside the battery system can be carried away more quickly. However, the cost of heat pipe refrigeration is high and the cost-effectiveness is low, making it more suitable for applications in lithium-ion systems that often operate under high magnification conditions.

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