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With the continuous development of the lithium-ion battery industry, there are currently three important packaging forms for mainstream lithium-ion batteries, namely cylindrical, square, and soft packaging. Different packaging structures mean different characteristics.

Soft pack lithium battery

Soft pack lithium-ion batteries are liquid lithium-ion batteries covered with a polymer shell. The biggest difference from other batteries lies in the soft packaging material (aluminum plastic composite film), which is also the most critical and technically challenging material in soft pack lithium-ion batteries. The packaging materials and structure of soft pack lithium batteries give them many advantages.

(1) Good safety performance: The electrolyte of the soft pack lithium battery is less leaking, and in the event of safety hazards, the soft pack lithium battery will burst and crack, unlike the hard shell battery, which may explode due to excessive internal pressure;

(2) Lightweight: Soft pack lithium batteries are 40% lighter than steel shell square batteries of the same capacity, and 20% lighter than aluminum shell square batteries;

(3) Large battery capacity: Soft packs save 20% of the volume, which is 50% higher than steel shell batteries of the same size and 20-30% higher than aluminum shell batteries;

(4) Good cycling performance: Soft pack lithium batteries have a longer cycling life, with a 100 cycle attenuation of 4% to 7% less than aluminum shells;

(5) Low internal resistance: The internal resistance of soft pack lithium batteries is smaller than that of lithium-ion batteries, and the minimum resistance in China can reach below 35m Ω, greatly reducing the battery's self consumption;

(6) Flexible design: The appearance can be customized according to customer needs, and can be made thinner. Ordinary aluminum shells can only reach 4mm, while soft bags can reach 0.5mm.

Given the advantages of soft pack lithium batteries, industry experts predict that with the development of battery routes, the penetration rate of soft pack lithium batteries in the new energy vehicle market will continue to increase, and the proportion of soft pack lithium batteries in various types of batteries is expected to exceed 50% in the future.

Cylindrical battery

Cylindrical batteries are mainly composed of steel shell cylindrical iron phosphate lithium ion batteries. These batteries have high capacity, high output voltage, good charge discharge cycling performance, stable output voltage, high current discharge, stable electrochemical performance, safe use, wide working temperature range, and environmental friendliness. Widely used in solar lighting fixtures, lawn lighting fixtures, backup energy, electric tools, and toy models.

The earliest cylindrical lithium-ion battery was the 18650 lithium-ion battery invented by Japanese company SONY in 1992. Due to its long history, the market penetration rate of the 18650 cylindrical lithium-ion battery is very high. The cylindrical lithium-ion battery adopts a mature winding process, has a high degree of automation, stable product quality, and relatively low cost. There are many models of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, such as 14650, 17490, 18650, 21700, 26650, etc. Cylindrical lithium-ion batteries are relatively popular among lithium-ion battery companies in Japan and South Korea, and there are also considerable companies in China that produce cylindrical lithium-ion batteries.

A typical cylindrical battery structure includes: positive electrode cover, safety valve, pTC element, current cut-off mechanism, gasket, positive electrode, negative electrode, isolation film, and shell.

prismatic cell

Square lithium-ion batteries usually refer to aluminum or steel shell square batteries. The popularity of square batteries is very high in China. With the rise of automotive power lithium batteries in recent years, the contradiction between vehicle range and battery capacity is becoming increasingly prominent. Domestic power lithium battery manufacturers mainly use aluminum shell square batteries with higher energy density because the structure of square batteries is relatively simple, Unlike cylindrical batteries that use high-strength stainless steel as the casing and accessories with explosion-proof safety valves, the overall weight of the accessories is lighter and the relative energy density is higher. There are two different processes for square batteries: winding and stacking.

Comparative analysis of technical characteristics

1. Battery shape: Square lithium-ion batteries can be of any size, while soft pack lithium-ion batteries can be made thinner, which cannot be compared to cylindrical batteries.

2. Multiplication characteristics: Due to the process limitations of welding multipole ears for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, the multiplication characteristics are slightly worse than those of the square multipole ear method

3. Discharge platform: The same positive electrode material, negative electrode material, and electrolyte are used, so theoretically the discharge platform is consistent. However, the square battery has a slightly higher internal resistance, so the discharge platform is slightly higher.

4. Product quality: The cylindrical lithium-ion battery process is very mature, with a low probability of public secondary slitting defects in the electrode. Moreover, the winding process is more mature and automated than the lamination process, and the lamination process is still using semi manual methods. Therefore, there are adverse effects on the quality of the battery.

5. Pole ear welding: The pole ear of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries is easier to weld than square lithium-ion batteries, and square batteries are easier to remove

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