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I have been working in the automotive industry for nearly 40 years, and started working on electric vehicles about 20 years ago. In terms of fuel cells, the entire automotive industry has made a lot of efforts, and today, fuel cells have finally reached the stage of industrial development. Dong Yang, the First Vice Chairman of the World Automotive Organization, expressed his feelings at the CHFCE2019 China International Conference on the Development of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Industries.

As is well known, hydrogen fuel cells, as an emerging application direction for new energy vehicles, have broad prospects. But currently, the technical and economic challenges it faces are also quite severe. The spring of the fuel cell industry has arrived, but there are still many uncertainties when we can overcome difficulties such as high costs, poor durability, and lagging hydrogenation infrastructure.

Favorable policy escort

"During the two sessions of the National People's Congress this year, hydrogen energy and fuel cell became the key words of many proposals. The inclusion of hydrogen energy in the Report on the Work of the Government is bound to have a profound impact on the energy industry system being reconstructed, and accelerate the development process of the hydrogen energy and fuel cell industries." The industry insiders pointed out.

In fact, in recent years, China has been increasing its efforts to support the development of the hydrogen fuel cell industry. In the transportation sector, which is the focus of fuel cell applications, guiding and encouraging policies are constantly being introduced. The "13th Five Year Plan for the Development of National Strategic Emerging Industries" released by the State Council clearly pointed out the need to systematically promote the research and industrialization of fuel cell vehicles, and proposed to achieve mass production and large-scale demonstration applications of fuel cell vehicles by 2020. Local governments have successively introduced relevant policies, and currently Guangdong, Shanghai, Suzhou, Foshan, Wuhan and other places have issued documents clearly proposing to promote the industrialization of fuel cell vehicles.

The reporter sorted through the materials and found that most of the encouraging policies of governments at all levels currently cover two aspects. On the one hand, it is to promote infrastructure construction such as hydrogen refueling stations and describe future plans. The second is to propose requirements for the fuel cell itself from a technical perspective. Industry insiders have stated that China does have an advantage in developing fuel cell vehicles - the government can "integrate resources to do great things" and provide strong support for the industrialization of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

Looking back at 2008 and 2009, when the pure electric vehicle industry was in its early stages, the current situation of the fuel cell vehicle industry was very similar to that of the electric vehicle industry at that time. It is expected that the entire fuel cell vehicle industry will experience rapid development in the next 5-10 years, "said Hao Dong, project manager of the China Automotive Technology Research Center.

Hao Dong pointed out that 10 years ago, hydrogen refueling infrastructure, battery costs, and durability were three major obstacles to the large-scale development and application of fuel cell vehicles. At present, the construction of hydrogen refueling infrastructure has received strong support from national ministries and commissions, and enterprises from various industries have also begun to join the construction team of hydrogen refueling stations.

With the development of technology, the cost of fuel cells has also significantly decreased. The energy density of hydrogen fuel cells has significantly increased, and the energy density of battery stacks or systems has reached over 3 kilowatts per liter, with some technologies reaching higher levels. In terms of hydrogen carrying, compressed hydrogen at 70 megapascals can fully meet the usage requirements. At the same time, solutions have been found for corrosion and high and low temperature resistance issues. Driven by many technological advancements, the cost of fuel cells has significantly decreased, "Dong Yang said.

Compared to infrastructure construction and cost control, the durability of hydrogen fuel cells involves more complex system engineering.

At present, the key to improving the durability of hydrogen fuel televisions is to construct an evaluation method for the durability of fuel cells under vehicle conditions from a third-party perspective, in order to guide the technological progress of the entire industry.

Another industry insider pointed out that although the country has long considered the safety of fuel cell vehicles and continuously improved standards such as hydrogen refueling communication protocols and collision safety in terms of standard systems, in order for fuel cell vehicles to enter millions of households, safety needs to be improved from the perspective of consumers.

Cooperation between upstream and downstream industries still needs to be strengthened

Pure electric and hydrogen fuel are the two main directions of global new energy vehicle power systems, and to this day, the new energy vehicle industry no longer needs to dwell on the prospects of these two technological routes. There is no need to discuss whether the hydrogen energy and fuel cell vehicle industries should develop, but instead focus on how to develop, "industry insiders said.

Dong Yang said, "China has its own advantages and clear application scenarios for developing fuel cell vehicles. Currently, pure electric vehicles are mainly suitable for passenger cars, urban transportation, and short distance transportation. Business vehicles, long-distance transportation, and intercity highway transportation are the main scenarios for the application of fuel cell vehicles.

Mao Zongqiang, Vice Chairman of the International Hydrogen Energy Association, also pointed out that although the country has supported the development of lithium-ion battery vehicles, this is not contradictory to the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and there is a "brotherly" relationship between the two.

The development of fuel cell vehicles is divided into stages - from east to west, from south to north, from economically developed areas to underdeveloped areas. The development of fuel cell vehicles should follow this development process. Mao Zongqiang pointed out that fuel cell vehicles "debuted" relatively late, but may come from behind to catch up.

Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Wan Gang, previously stated that the current fuel cell market is not very competitive, which is a development opportunity. If you win, you may lose your seat. Now is a good time for private enterprises to enter the competition for fuel cells.

"To promote the healthy and vigorous development of the hydrogen energy and fuel cell industries, we need to pay full attention to the development of technology and equipment; make full research, careful decisions, choose effective paths and development measures; and strengthen the collaboration between upstream and downstream industries." said Zhang Kelin, executive vice president of the China Machinery Industry Federation.

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