-What are the important reasons for the explosion of lithium batteries in forklifts?

What are the important reasons for the explosion of lithium batteries in forklifts?
author:enerbyte source:本站 click164 Release date: 2024-01-04 08:54:24
abstract:
Part or all of the lithium that occurs during the charging of lithiumforklift batteries cannot be inserted into the interlayer structure of the negative electrode graphite, and will precipitate on the surface of the negative electrode, forming protruding dendrites. In the next charging, this p...

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Part or all of the lithium that occurs during the charging of lithium forklift batteries cannot be inserted into the interlayer structure of the negative electrode graphite, and will precipitate on the surface of the negative electrode, forming protruding dendrites. In the next charging, this protruding part is more likely to cause lithium precipitation. After dozens to hundreds of cycles of charging and discharging, the dendrites will grow and eventually puncture the separator paper, causing internal short circuits. The rapid discharge of the battery cell results in a large amount of heat, burning the diaphragm and causing a larger short circuit phenomenon. High temperature will cause the electrolyte to decompose into gas, and the negative carbon and diaphragm paper will burn, causing excessive internal pressure. When the outer shell of the battery cell cannot withstand this pressure, the battery cell will explode.

Excessive moisture content

Water can react with the electrolyte in the battery cell to produce gas. During charging, it can react with the generated lithium to generate lithium oxide, causing a loss of capacity in the battery cell and making it easy for the cell to overcharge and generate gas. The decomposition voltage of water is low, making it easy to decompose and generate gas during charging. When this series of generated gases increases the internal pressure of the cell, the cell will explode when the outer shell of the cell cannot withstand it.

Internal short circuit

Due to the occurrence of internal short circuits, the battery cell discharges with high current, generating a large amount of heat that burns out the diaphragm, causing even greater short circuits. This leads to high temperatures in the battery cell, causing the electrolyte to decompose into gas, resulting in excessive internal pressure. When the outer shell of the battery cell cannot withstand this pressure, the battery cell will explode.

Overcharging

When the battery cell is overcharged, excessive release of lithium from the positive electrode can cause a change in the structure of the positive electrode, and excessive release of lithium can also easily prevent insertion into the negative electrode, leading to lithium deposition on the surface of the negative electrode. Moreover, when the voltage reaches 4.5V or above, the electrolyte will decompose and produce a large amount of gas. All of the above may cause an explosion.

External short circuit

External short circuits may be caused by improper operation or misuse. Due to external short circuits, the discharge current of the battery is high, which can cause the cell to heat up. High temperatures can cause the diaphragm inside the cell to shrink or be completely damaged, resulting in internal short circuits and explosions.

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