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The balance between high energy density and safety of batteries

In fact, Wang Chaoyang, director of the Electrochemical Engine Center at Pennsylvania State University, once gave a vivid example: as battery scientists and engineers, we play a game of compromise every day. The compromise here refers to the compromise between high energy density and battery safety.

Under the current booming development of new energy vehicles, the high range brought by high-energy density lithium-ion batteries has become a goal pursued by car companies. But the difference is that some car companies choose to invest in technological research and development to achieve a balance between high endurance and vehicle safety, while others choose to simplify this process.

According to industry insiders, due to national policies linking high-density power lithium-ion batteries with subsidies, some companies in the industry have hastily launched high energy density battery projects in order to obtain subsidies, even though the technology is not yet fully mature and lacks strict verification. Due to the short development time and immaturity of these batteries, as well as the continuously shortened and simplified validation testing process, various product issues have emerged.

The most important issue with current power lithium batteries is that with the increase of energy density, the probability of thermal runaway is on the rise. Therefore, it is widely believed in the industry that, from the perspective of battery morphology and materials, the development path of power lithium batteries will gradually shift from reducing cobalt in the positive electrode to cobalt free, adding silicon in the negative electrode, and reducing organic solvents in the electrolyte, towards an all solid state direction. According to Ouyang Minggao's analysis, there are still many technological bottlenecks to overcome for all solid-state electrolytes, and large-scale commercialization is estimated to be around 2025 to 2030.

He believes that linking subsidies to the energy density of power lithium batteries is not a problem, but it should comply with the laws of technological development, and the increase in energy density should not be too fast or too frequent. The pace of new energy vehicle development must be stable.

Industry insiders believe that in the future, as subsidies decline within this year and the country gradually cancels detailed requirements such as driving range and energy density, the decision-making power of technology will return to the company, and the market's product selection will become more stringent. Companies without technical content and unable to meet safety standards will face the risk of elimination.

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