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Thermal runaway becomes an important cause of spontaneous combustion

At present, it is widely believed in the industry that the main causes of thermal runaway in batteries are thermal radiation, internal short circuits in batteries, and abuse in harsh environments.

According to the analysis and statistics of new energy vehicle fire accidents since 2017 by the Prospective Industry Research Institute, the charging scenario is a high-risk scenario for fires, accounting for 50%. Among the causes of fire accidents, 31% of power lithium-ion batteries self ignite. The important reason is that after an internal or external short circuit occurs in lithium-ion batteries, the batteries release a large amount of heat in a short period of time, causing a sharp increase in temperature, leading to thermal runaway.

According to Ouyang Minggao, due to the heat generated by power lithium batteries during operation, they can be controlled under normal circumstances. However, when the battery temperature or charging voltage is too high, chemical reactions inside the battery will occur one after another, leading to a chain reaction, causing a sharp increase in internal pressure and temperature of the battery, leading to thermal runaway of the battery and causing combustion or explosion.

Setting aside external usage and changes in environmental issues, the cause of heat generation is also closely related to its manufacturing materials and processes. Long battery life, uneven battery pack temperature, short circuits, and other issues can all lead to thermal runaway.

There are many reasons, but the most important one is insufficient battery verification. Wang Zidong, director of the National 863 Electric Vehicle Major Special Power Lithium Battery Test Center, believes that power lithium battery packs are very complex energy systems. The safety and cycle life of a battery are not only related to the quality of the battery's own product, but more importantly, safety control.

The Beijing News reporter learned from the testing engineers of new energy vehicles that the current verification of new energy vehicle batteries generally faces the following problems: firstly, the verification time of power lithium batteries is short; Secondly, the verification methods are not perfect; Thirdly, the process execution is not standardized.

The engineer explained that due to the fact that manufacturers are following the policy, in order to shorten the testing cycle and expedite the launch of new cars, the verification of the details of power lithium batteries is not comprehensive, and many companies in the industry may not have the corresponding technical means and capabilities to achieve power lithium battery verification. In the final analysis, manufacturers pursue high endurance and high density in the use of power lithium batteries, without following standards. If the product quality is excellent, there will not be so many spontaneous combustion problems.

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