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At the end of last year, the blade battery carried by BYD Han gave a powerful boost to the battery market. The blade battery also uses lithium iron phosphate cathode material, but its energy density has increased by 50% and its safety performance is better than most batteries on the market, competing with the Tesla Model 3 launched at the same time. And currently, it has broken through self supply and will supply blade batteries to FAW and Hongqi, and achieve installation in the second half of the year.

However, from a market perspective, electric vehicles are currently unable to enter the largest mid to low-end fuel vehicle market, which is why companies such as Tesla, NIO, and Ideal ONE are all developing high-end cars. So in recent years, ternary lithium-ion batteries have still been the preferred choice for manufacturers.

The difficulty of "cobalt free" breakthrough remains to be seen

The concept of "cobalt free" has been gaining popularity recently, but based on the first half of this article, after careful consideration, it can be found that the difficulty of breaking through "cobalt free" is significant, both in terms of technology and market.

According to the latest data from research institution EVTank, the proportion of installed ternary lithium-ion batteries in China increased to 72.87% from January to April this year, while lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries further dropped to 22.93%, and lithium manganese oxide (LMO) batteries and other batteries together accounted for less than 5%. So, the current position of ternary lithium-ion batteries is still very stable.

But in terms of research and development direction, more companies are laying out nickel cobalt manganese aluminum (NCMA) "quaternary" lithium-ion batteries. General Motors, the leading company, announced its self-developed Ultrium power lithium battery pack in March this year. This is the first upcoming mass production NCMA quaternary lithium-ion battery. And Honeycomb Energy has also proposed a project to develop NCMA quaternary lithium-ion batteries.

In fact, let alone cobalt free batteries, there is currently no company that can truly mass produce NCMA batteries. At present, the NCM811/NCA series of batteries that can be mass-produced with the least amount of cobalt is available.

Internationally, LG Chemical and SKI have already mass-produced NCM811, and Panasonic's NCA batteries have long been equipped with Tesla. From a domestic perspective, Ningde Times NCM811 batteries have also been mass-produced and supplied. In addition, battery production companies such as BYD, Guoxuan High tech, Bike Power, Yiwei Lithium Energy, Lishen Battery, Yuanyuan AESC, Thornton, Penghui Energy, Wanxiang 123, as well as material companies such as Shanshan Co., Ltd., Dangsheng Technology, Changyuan Lithium Technology, Ningbo Jinhe, Tianjin Bamo, Xiamen Tungsten Industry, are actively laying out NCM811/NCA high nickel and low cobalt batteries and materials.

Although companies such as BYD, Tesla, and Honeycomb Energy are also laying out "cobalt free" batteries, due to the instability of their technology and market, their market position can only be determined after the final mass production disclosure information.

Batteries are a very complex system, and the commercialization of a new material requires synchronous innovation of all supporting materials, which is itself a relatively complex and long-term development; After the product development is completed, there are also small-scale trials, pilot tests, and mass production, during which continuous correction is also a long process. Therefore, battery technology innovation is a relatively slow thing, and the future trend towards "cobalt free" or "four yuan", we need to pay long-term attention.

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