-Solid state batteries are the inevitable direction of the post lithium battery era

Solid state batteries are the inevitable direction of the post lithium battery era
author:enerbyte source:本站 click281 Release date: 2023-08-22 08:44:39
abstract:
Traditional liquid lithium batteries will not be the technical endpoint of power batteries. As is well known, energy density is the first indicator of power battery performance. With the transition from "policy driven" to "policy driven" in China's electric vehicle mark...

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Traditional liquid lithium batteries will not be the technical endpoint of power batteries. As is well known, energy density is the first indicator of power battery performance. With the transition from "policy driven" to "policy driven" in China's electric vehicle market, the policy's direction for improving the energy density of lithium batteries has become clear. By 2025 and 2030, the energy density of individual power batteries in China needs to reach 400Wh/kg and 500Wh/kg, respectively, which is close to the ceiling of traditional lithium battery energy density. At the same time, with the growth of electric vehicle sales, the frequency of safety accidents such as spontaneous combustion and explosion has significantly increased, which is attributed to the combustible liquid electrolyte used in traditional lithium batteries. In terms of energy and safety performance, there is still huge room for improvement in current lithium battery technology, and traditional liquid batteries will never be the end point of the technology.

Solid state batteries are a necessary path in the post lithium-ion era. Solid state batteries refer to lithium-ion batteries that use solid-state electrolytes. In terms of performance, non combustible solid electrolytes are the core of solid-state batteries. Solid state batteries can improve battery energy density while eliminating safety hazards. In terms of development difficulty, new batteries such as lithium sulfur and lithium air need to start with the entire battery structure, and the core of solid-state batteries lies in solid-state electrolytes, making the upgrade path simpler and more convenient. In addition, both lithium-sulfur and lithium-air batteries use metallic lithium as the negative electrode, which is more compatible with solid-state electrolytes. Therefore, solid-state batteries are also a transitional platform for lithium-sulfur and lithium-air batteries. Looking at the future direction of technology, solid-state batteries have become a necessary path, and as the next generation battery technology closest to us, it has become a consensus in the scientific and industrial communities.

Industrialization is still in its early stages and is expected to develop rapidly in the future. The low ionic conductivity and high interface impedance of solid-state electrolytes limit the energy density and rate performance of batteries, and there are currently no mature market-oriented products available. According to the selection of electrolyte materials, solid-state batteries can be divided into three categories: polymer systems have the most mature processes, but their performance is limited by about development; The challenge of thin film batteries in oxide systems lies in capacity expansion and large-scale production, while non thin film batteries have excellent comprehensive performance and are currently a hot topic for development; The sulfide system is in a polarized situation of huge development space and immature technological level. Overall, although each type of solid-state battery system has thorny issues to tackle, the performance of laboratory products currently has great potential, and under the global consensus of capital and the layout of leading car companies, solid-state battery technology is expected to achieve rapid development.

Step by step, the development path of each stage has become clear. Looking forward to the future, solid-state batteries will follow a path of phased development, step by step in technology and gradual penetration in applications. The structure of batteries will gradually reduce the use of liquids and move towards all solid-state batteries without liquids; In terms of application fields, it is expected to take the lead in leveraging the advantages of security and flexibility, and apply it to micro battery fields that are less cost sensitive, such as RFID, implantable medical devices, wireless sensors, etc; With technological progress, gradually penetrating into high-end consumer electronics; After the product is mature enough, it will eventually enter the electric vehicle and energy storage market, achieving a comprehensive outbreak of downstream demand.

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