-(5)China's lithium-ion battery industry is already at the forefront. What should we do next?

(5)China's lithium-ion battery industry is already at the forefront. What should we do next?
author:enerbyte source:本站 click228 Release date: 2023-09-08 11:20:20
abstract:
Goodenough discovered the commonly used cathode materials lithium cobalt oxide and lithium iron phosphate, but both materials have drawbacks. Lithium cobalt oxide can only extract 0.5 moles of lithium, while lithium iron phosphate is actually an insulator, both of which have drawbacks. We foun...

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Goodenough discovered the commonly used cathode materials lithium cobalt oxide and lithium iron phosphate, but both materials have drawbacks. Lithium cobalt oxide can only extract 0.5 moles of lithium, while lithium iron phosphate is actually an insulator, both of which have drawbacks. We found ways to identify its shortcomings, and then modified it through a combination of theoretical calculations and experiments, and obtained a patent right. This patent right plays a crucial role in the development of our lithium-ion batteries.

A few years ago, a Belgian company called Minmetals came to China to collect intellectual property fees for lithium-ion cathode materials, which is said to cost 50000 yuan per ton. The profit from producing lithium cobalt oxide ternary materials may be less than 50000 yuan per ton, so they went to Haidian Knowledge to sue us. Later, the company that made positive electrode materials in China, in conjunction with the Institute of Physics, settled with them out of court. Because we had this patent, they no longer raised the issue of charging royalties. It can be seen that it is not our original material, but we have done our work and applied for our patent, which is very beneficial for protecting our own company.

The second example is lithium iron phosphate. It is an insulator, and through theoretical calculations, it is a one-dimensional ionic conductor. If you add a large ion like chromium to the lithium site, it will block the lithium channel. This is not feasible and cannot be used. Later, someone proposed adding sodium to the iron site. When sodium is added to the iron site, the color turns black and the conductivity increases by several orders of magnitude. Its ionic and electronic conductivity are both quite good. So French and German scientists recognize this work as the only feasible path, breaking the monopoly of foreign original patents on lithium iron phosphate materials. Only in this way can our current lithium-ion battery companies use a considerable amount of lithium iron phosphate materials without being affected by foreign intellectual property rights.

From these two examples, it can be seen that although we did not make the original innovation, it is also very important for us to modify and innovate it again.

Just now, we were talking about two positive electrode materials. So, when I talk about negative electrode materials, this is our original innovation. Tsinghua University has long applied for a patent for natural graphite as the negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries. Two years ago, it applied for the National Invention Award, which recognized that using natural graphite as the negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries is our intellectual property. Just having graphite is not enough. The capacity of graphite is relatively low, at 372 milliamperes per gram. The capacity of silicon is actually quite high, so can silicon be used as the negative electrode of lithium-ion batteries? I did this job in 1999 and applied for my first patent. So the first international patent for silicon as a negative electrode was applied for by us, which is also recognized by Americans. But it's still quite difficult for you to use it. From a few hundred milligrams to a few hundred kilograms, it took 17 years, and the path we have taken in these 17 years has shifted from articles to technology, then to products, and then to the market.

Our current raw materials have basically been domestically produced, with a relatively small amount of imports. At the same time, the vast majority of our equipment is also domestically produced, let alone the skills of our employees. Currently, we have basically developed our own skills.

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