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Graphene, as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries, has a specific capacity of 540mAh/g when charged and discharged at a current density of 50mA/g; After 20 more cycles, there is a certain degree of capacity degradation. Graphene has excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, and has important application prospects in materials science, micro/nano processing, energy, biomedical, and drug delivery. Whether it is lightweight, hardness, thermal conductivity, or conductivity, it is the best of all materials and is considered a revolutionary material in the future.

Research has found that this may be related to the lack of optimization in the arrangement of graphene layers in the material. When graphene paper is used as the negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries, the cycling performance is not ideal. After the first cycle, the specific capacity drops to below 100mAh/g (charge discharge current density 50mA/g). Graphene prepared by thermal expansion graphite oxide method was applied in the negative electrode material of lithium-ion batteries in literature. When using a current density of 1mA/g for charging and discharging, its specific capacity can reach 554mAh/g.

Even more surprising was the discovery that if C60 and carbon nanotubes were added to it, its specific capacity could reach up to 784mAh/g. Research has shown that although graphene materials have a very high lithium ion diffusion rate, when used as negative electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, their reversible specific capacity is relatively high for the first time. However, after several cycles, the capacity deteriorates severely and the charge discharge curve lags severely, making it difficult to use them alone as electrode materials. The unique flexible structure of graphene, when combined with high-capacity metal or oxide particles as negative electrode materials, has unique advantages.

Compared with traditional lithium-ion battery negative electrode materials, graphene as a negative electrode material can effectively increase the specific capacity of the corresponding battery, enhance the conductive contact between the electrode and electrolyte, and improve its charge/discharge rate performance. Meanwhile, the flexible single atomic layer two-dimensional structure of graphene can effectively suppress the material expansion and pulverization caused by volume changes in electrode materials during charging and discharging, thereby improving the cycling stability of batteries.

In addition, chemically reduced graphene synthesized by chemical oxidation intercalation exfoliation reduction method contains specific oxygen-containing chemical groups on the surface, such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, and epoxy groups, which can provide abundant reaction and bonding sites for its structural and surface functional modification, as well as for its composite with other materials. It also provides multiple possible pathways for the design and synthesis of three-dimensional superstructure graphene based composite materials.

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