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The shell of lithium-ion batteries has two important types: steel shell and aluminum shell:

Steel shell

In the early days, most square lithium-ion batteries were made of steel shells, which were mostly used for mobile phone batteries. Later, due to the low weight to energy ratio and poor safety of steel shells, they were gradually replaced by aluminum shells and flexible packaging lithium-ion batteries.

But in columnar lithium-ion batteries, there is another scenario where the vast majority of manufacturers use steel as the shell material for the battery. Due to the physical stability and pressure resistance of steel materials, they are much higher than aluminum shell materials. After optimizing the design structure of various manufacturers, safety devices have been placed inside the battery cells, and the safety of steel shell columnar batteries has reached a new height, At present, the vast majority of laptop battery cells are carried by steel shells.

Aluminum shell

Aluminum shell is a battery shell made of aluminum alloy material, which is important for square lithium-ion batteries. The reason why lithium batteries are packaged in aluminum shell is because of its lightweight and safer than steel shell.

There are two types of aluminum shell designs: square corners and rounded corners. The material of aluminum shell is generally aluminum manganese alloy, which contains important alloy components such as Mn, Cu, Mg, Si, Fe, etc. These five alloys play different roles in the aluminum shell of lithium-ion batteries, such as Cu and Mg improving strength and hardness, Mn improving corrosion resistance, Si enhancing the heat treatment effect of magnesium containing aluminum alloy, and Fe improving high-temperature strength.

The construction of aluminum shell alloy materials has significant safety performance considerations, which can be represented by material thickness and bulging coefficient. The reason why lithium-ion batteries with the same capacity are lighter than those with steel shells is because aluminum shells can be made thinner.

Because the aluminum shell of lithium-ion batteries has the above-mentioned relative advantages, aluminum shell lithium-ion batteries are currently the mainstream of liquid lithium-ion batteries, and are almost applied in all fields related to lithium-ion batteries. The lightweight and safety, as well as the resulting performance advantages, have made lithium-ion battery aluminum casings the mainstream. Lithium ion battery aluminum casings are currently evolving towards high hardness and lightweight technologies, which will provide the market with more technologically superior lithium-ion battery products.

PVC heat sealing: The specific outer shell packaging form used for lithium-ion battery packs depends on the specific product requirements of the customer. Regarding the use of PVC heat sealing packaging form, it is generally suitable for situations where the number of battery cells in series is not large and the overall weight is relatively light (≤ 2kg). But regarding the overall weight≥ For a 1kg battery pack, fixed brackets should be added between the battery cells, and fiberglass panels should be added to protect the periphery before using PVC heat sealing.

Plastic: Using a plastic shell, it is important to note that after different lithium-ion battery packs are formed, the involved shell may need to be molded, and the cost of the mold is a significant expense. For example, in the early stages of development, if the product is not formed, a prototype shell can be used (the prototype strength is not as strong as the material strength after molding). Different requirements for the material and process of the shell (especially with three protection requirements) can also affect the cost.

Metal: The metal shell is also the same as the plastic shell. Before the product is finalized or there is not much demand for quantity, it is recommended to use sheet metal sampling. This is important because the sample delivery time is short. If the batch is large, it is also recommended to open a mold. Regarding the requirement of waterproof grade for metal shells, it will greatly affect the cost, and for special materials such as titanium alloy, the cost of metal shells will be higher.

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