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All batteries have internal resistance. When necessary, internal resistance should be tested to ensure safer and more reasonable use of the battery. When studying physics, we have learned the Ohm's law of the entire circuit, which states that when a battery outputs a current externally, the internal resistance of the power supply is equivalent to a load connected in series.

The greater the current, the more voltage is divided on the internal resistance, which is manifested by a sudden drop in the output voltage of the battery. Therefore, batteries with high internal resistance have poor load carrying capacity.

The internal resistance parameters of lead-acid batteries are rarely concerned by people in daily life. Because once there is an inability to carry a load, we naturally think that the battery is running low or the capacity is too small. We just need to charge or replace the battery with a larger one.

But lithium batteries are different. The commonly used ternary 18650 battery has a nominal voltage of only 3.7V and a capacity of generally around 2AH. Therefore, in most cases, many 18650 sections need to be connected in series or parallel to form a battery pack. When connecting batteries in series, internal resistance and capacity are two very important indicators. If batteries with different capacities and internal resistances are combined together, mutual obstruction and consumption will occur. It greatly affects the lifespan of the battery, and within the same series of batteries, the larger capacity generally results in lower internal resistance. So the internal resistance of lithium batteries has become an important basis for selecting matching equipment.

lithium batteries, also known as "swing batteries," have internal resistance composed of factors that hinder the movement of lithium ions from one pole to the other. Its main components include the physical internal resistance of conductive components; The inherent impedance of electrochemical substances such as motor materials, membranes, and electrolytes; The temporary increase in current inside the battery hinders the movement of lithium ions; These three parts together constitute the main body of internal resistance.

Internal resistance is most sensitive to temperature, and the value of internal resistance can vary greatly at different temperatures. One of the important reasons for the decrease in battery performance at low temperatures is the excessive internal resistance of the battery.

As a power source, lithium batteries must have a smaller internal resistance from an external perspective. Especially in power applications, small internal resistance is a necessary condition.

A high internal resistance of a battery cannot discharge large currents. The lower the theoretical internal resistance, the better. The internal resistance is directly related to the capacity (the larger the capacity, the smaller the internal resistance, and the internal resistance of a large single cell battery is much smaller than that of 18650). A typical lithium battery assumes 1 ampere hour and an internal resistance of about 30 to 80 ohms, while a good power lithium battery can reach below 15 ohms. As the internal resistance increases, the heat loss of the battery increases, and the temperature during use will further deteriorate the battery performance. After being used in series with other batteries, there is a mismatch problem, leading to a decrease in the overall capacity and performance of the battery pack.

1. The internal resistance is high, and during discharge, the battery generates more heat

2. Low internal resistance results in less power consumption.

For large individual batteries, the internal resistance itself is relatively small, and it is difficult to control the deviation when using Parker batteries, so capacity is a very important data. A previous article, "Why does Tesla not use a single large cell and prefer a small battery pack?", specifically analyzed both large cells and small batteries. The larger the cell, the lower the fault tolerance and the higher the requirement for capacity consistency.

The testing time for large individual batteries is long, and high current detectors on the market are generally priced higher, most of which are integrated construction site designs. For example, the price of the Neng 8-way 5V20 A detector is around 6000, and the price of the Wei 8-way 5V30 A detector is around 13000. The common ground design itself has certain advantages, but it also has certain limitations in use, inconvenient after-sales maintenance, and the testing of balanced battery packs must break down all the strings, otherwise there will be a short circuit. A cost-effective, well configured, and affordable testing instrument that meets industry needs and responds to industry demands.

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