-What are the three elements of a ternary battery?

What are the three elements of a ternary battery?
author:enerbyte source:本站 click139 Release date: 2024-01-17 09:34:41
abstract:
If you are planning to purchase an electric car in the near future or have already owned an electric car, you should have heard a term called a ternary battery. Everyone knows about batteries, but what exactly is this ternary battery? What is the difference with lithium-ion batteries? What exa...

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If you are planning to purchase an electric car in the near future or have already owned an electric car, you should have heard a term called a ternary battery. Everyone knows about batteries, but what exactly is this ternary battery? What is the difference with lithium-ion batteries? What exactly is three yuan? Most car owners and potential car owners probably don't quite understand.

Firstly, the full name of a ternary battery is a ternary polymer lithium-ion battery, which refers to a lithium-ion battery with a positive electrode material of nickel cobalt manganese oxide or nickel cobalt aluminum oxide. Therefore, this type of battery is also referred to as an NCM battery (nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium-ion battery) or an NCA battery (nickel cobalt aluminum oxide lithium-ion battery), and its ternary refers to nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), or aluminum (Au) in the positive electrode. In China, the vast majority of the currently popular ternary batteries are NCM batteries, as NCA batteries have not yet been mass-produced in China.

Three element lithium-ion batteries have two significant characteristics: 1. High energy density and higher voltage; 2. The battery performance can be adjusted by adjusting the NCM ratio of the positive electrode material.

Compared to traditional iron lithium-ion batteries, ternary lithium-ion batteries have a higher energy density and voltage, resulting in a larger battery capacity for the same weight battery pack. As a result, cars can run longer distances and at a faster speed. This is an important reason why many manufacturers choose ternary lithium-ion batteries.

But precisely because of this, the global demand for nickel, cobalt, and manganese has suddenly increased, especially for cobalt. Cobalt is a rare metal with only over 7 million tons of proven global reserves, and nearly half of it is located in the African country of the Democratic Republic of Congo. This has led to a significant increase in the price of cobalt in the past two years, reaching even 350000 yuan per ton, gradually becoming a major cost in battery manufacturing.

Previously, the nickel cobalt manganese ratio for the positive electrode of ternary batteries produced in China was mostly 5:2:3, which obviously cannot adapt to the soaring cobalt prices today. In order to cope with this situation, battery manufacturers have started to reduce the cobalt content in batteries, the most obvious of which is the research and promotion of NCM811 batteries.

But it should be noted that the cobalt content in the battery is not directly related to the performance of the battery itself. The performance of NCM811 is not weaker than NCM523, let alone worse than NCM111. So, when purchasing an electric vehicle, everyone only needs to know the manufacturer and energy density of the battery. As for the type of positive electrode material used, it is not important, nor can it be controlled by us consumers. In terms of appearance, the new car has a very aggressive overall design, positioning itself as a mid size car. Although it is a pure electric vehicle model, the overall style of the front face is still very sporty. The front headlight group adopts a T-shaped LED light source, making the new car look very stylish. The T-shaped LED daytime running lights and sporty front bumper of AIONS are very sharp, and the entire set of design elements are gathered behind the front face, bringing a visually stunning look. It can be said that they have already achieved high scores in the first impression score. The duck tail design and continuous tail lights can be said to be the finishing touch of the Aion S rear, and the highly sporty design style is not commonly seen in domestic brand models.

In terms of interior, the new car adopts a brand new design style, with an integrated instrument panel and multimedia design, coupled with continuous air vents, creating a more fashionable and exquisite overall atmosphere. In terms of configuration, the emergence of a full LCD instrument panel and electronic gear lever undoubtedly gives it a fairly good performance in terms of technology. Adopting a human-machine symbiotic aesthetic design, the large-sized LCD display screen, aircraft gear shift lever shaped shift lever, and piano painted flat front central platform create a high-end appearance comparable to luxury brands. The dual spoke multifunctional steering wheel has a unique design.

The new car is equipped with a motor with a maximum power of 150kW and a maximum torque of 350Nm, paired with a single speed gearbox. In terms of batteries, the new car will be equipped with a new generation of lithium-ion batteries jointly developed by GAC New Energy and CATL, with a battery density of 180kWh/kg and a maximum range of 600km.

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