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There are many intersections between the application of lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries, and in terms of market capacity, this intersection is mainly concentrated in power lithium batteries, such as electric bicycles and small passenger cars. In the field of power lithium batteries, it is also important to compete between these two technologies. Therefore, comparing the differences between lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries in this field is representative. Otherwise, if the reference material is uncertain, the comparison will be boundless.

All the differences between the two are based on the performance of the materials. The positive and negative electrode materials of lead-acid batteries are lead oxide, metallic lead, and concentrated sulfuric acid; Lithium ion batteries have four components: positive electrode (lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary), negative electrode graphite, separator, and electrolyte. The differences caused by this are:

The cycle life is different, with lead-acid batteries averaging 300-500 cycles and lithium-ion batteries reaching over a thousand cycles. From the two mainstream technology routes of lithium-ion bicycles, the difference between ternary lithium-ion batteries and iron phosphate lithium-ion batteries is also significant. The discharge life of ternary lithium-ion batteries is 1000 cycles, while the life of iron phosphate lithium-ion batteries can reach 2000 cycles;

Charging method: Lithium ion batteries use voltage and current limiting method, which sets a limit threshold for both current and voltage. However, lead-acid batteries have many charging methods, including constant current charging, constant voltage charging, stage current charging, and float charging, which cannot be fully described.

The above are the differences in electrical performance characteristics between the two based on different working principles. In addition, there are two other factors that affect the promotion of the two: safety and cost, which can be referred to as market factors. Unlike lithium-ion batteries with superior electrical performance characteristics, lead-acid batteries dominate in market factors.

1. Safety: Lead acid batteries are less prone to accidents due to their high sealing performance. Even in the event of accidents (such as leaks), their positive and negative electrodes and lead-acid electrolyte are not flammable. The electrolyte of lithium-ion batteries is an ester solution, which is flammable and volatile. The working principle of lithium-ion batteries is that lithium ions are embedded and embedded through separators in the positive and negative electrodes. When a large current passes through, lithium dendrites are formed, both of which are the root causes of combustion and explosion in lithium-ion batteries.

2. Cost: The materials and working requirements for lead-acid batteries are much lower. From the perspective of electric bicycles, lithium-ion batteries alone may be the value of the entire electric vehicle assembled with lead-acid batteries.

In the small family car market, both lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries are being used because they have comparative advantages. Lithium ion batteries have advantages in electrical performance and convenience, while lead-acid batteries have safety and cost advantages. These two types of batteries also perform similarly in other applications.

1. Different nominal voltages. Single cell nominal voltage of lead-acid batteries: 2.0V. Single cell nominal voltage of lithium batteries: 3.6V;

2. The internal materials of lead-acid batteries are different. The positive and negative electrodes are lead oxide, metallic lead, and the electrolyte is concentrated lithium sulfate. The positive and negative electrodes of lead-acid batteries are lithium cobalt oxide/lithium iron phosphate/lithium manganese oxide, graphite, and organic electrolytes;

3. Different energy lead-acid batteries with 30WH/KG lithium-ion batteries with 150WH/KG;

4. Different usage scenarios: lead-acid batteries for car starting, lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles: mobile phones, computers, electric tools, now also used for electric vehicle batteries;

5. Lead acid batteries with different electrical characteristics cannot discharge at high currents, but have a short lifespan. Lithium ion batteries can discharge at high currents and have a good lifespan.

Another difference is the following:

1. Durability: Lead acid batteries generally have a deep charge and discharge time of no more than 300 times, have memory, and a lifespan of about two years. And there is liquid inside the lead-acid battery. After a period of consumption, if the battery is found to be hot or the charging time is shortened, it is necessary to replenish the liquid; Lithium ion batteries have strong durability, slow consumption, over 500 charging and discharging cycles, and no memory, with a general lifespan of 4-5 years.

2. In terms of volume and quality: Generally, lead-acid batteries weigh 16-30 kilograms and have a relatively large volume; Lithium ion batteries generally weigh 2.5-3 kilograms and have a relatively small volume, making them lightweight to ride and easy to transport.

3. In terms of price and warranty period: Currently, the mainstream battery on the market is 48V. If replaced, the lead-acid battery costs about 450 yuan and the warranty period is 1 year; Lithium ion batteries are relatively expensive, costing around 1000 yuan, but with a warranty period of two years.

4. Driving kilometers: Both lead-acid and lithium-ion electric vehicles with the same 48V battery can travel 30-40 kilometers when fully charged. The speed depends on the size of the motor used.

5. Battery capacity: The lead-acid battery has a capacity of about 20 amperes; The capacity of lithium-ion batteries is 8-10 amperes.

6. Environmental protection: Lead acid batteries are contaminated during the production process, and improper recycling may also cause pollution; Lithium ion batteries are relatively green and environmentally friendly.

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