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The battery cover plate is a square shell battery top cover that seals the bare battery cell and isolates it from the outside. Each square shell battery is composed of a cover plate and a shell, and the cover plate mainly includes a top cover plate, positive and negative pole columns, explosion-proof valve, and flipping plate.

The structure of silicon is different from the layered structure of graphite (as shown in the figure below), and its energy storage mechanism is similar to that of metal materials, which is achieved through alloying and dealloying with lithium ions. The charge discharge electrode reaction can be written as follows:

Si+xLi++xe - → LiXSi

The principle of using silicon as the negative electrode material for battery charging and discharging is shown in the following figure:

As can be seen from the figure, some clues are that during charging, lithium ions detach from the positive electrode material and embed into the internal lattice of the silicon crystal, causing significant expansion (about 300%), forming a silicon lithium alloy. During discharge, lithium ions detach from the lattice and form large gaps.

Using silicon crystals alone as negative electrode materials can easily lead to the following problems:

Firstly, during the process of de intercalation, there is a significant change in the volume of silicon crystals. This volume effect can easily cause the silicon negative electrode material to peel off from the current collector, leading to electrochemical corrosion and short circuits caused by exposed foil on the electrode, which affects the safety and service life of the battery.

Secondly, silicon and carbon are elements of the same main group, and they also form SEI coating on the silicon surface during the first charge and discharge. However, the peeling caused by the silicon volume effect can cause repeated damage and reconstruction of SEI, thereby increasing the consumption of lithium ions and ultimately affecting the battery capacity.

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