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Parallel connection: Several batteries, positive and positive, negative and negative connected side by side, with the same voltage and increased capacity, corresponding to an increase in current. Series connection: Several battery heads and tails are connected together, which is positive and negative. The negative in the first section is connected to the positive in the second section, and so on. As the voltage increases, the capacity remains unchanged. That is to say, if connected in series, the electromotive force is the sum of the electromotive forces of two batteries. If connected in parallel, the voltage they provide to the electrical appliances is only as large as the electromotive force of one battery. I hope my answer can help you! I am also learning this part of the knowledge, it is difficult,

When connected in series, the voltage is the sum of the voltages of two batteries. When connected in parallel, the voltage is equal to the voltage of these two batteries

Series connection increases voltage and parallel connection increases capacity. For example, if you have two 1.5V, 2000mA batteries, series connection results in a 3V, 2000mA battery, and parallel connection results in a 1.5V, 4000mA battery.

1. When batteries are connected in parallel, the voltage is equal everywhere, that is, Ua=Ub=Uc=Uo; The current is the sum of the currents of each battery, i.e. Io=Ia+Ib+Ic. (Refer to Figure 1 for the parallel circuit of the battery)

Parallel connection of batteries is suitable for situations where the voltage remains constant and the current needs to increase.

2. When the battery is connected in series, the current is equal everywhere, that is, Io=Ia=Ib=Ic; The voltage is the sum of the voltages of each battery, i.e. Uo=Ua+Ub+Uc. (Refer to Figure 2 for the series circuit of the battery)

Series connection of batteries is suitable for situations where the current remains constant and the voltage needs to be increased.

Whether in series or parallel, the output power of the battery pack increases.

1. Series connection means that the current remains constant and the voltage is added together; Parallel connection means that the voltage remains constant and the current is added together

2. Although the voltage has not changed, two 12V batteries are connected in series to obtain a higher voltage to adapt to electrical appliances. A current of 10A is required for an inverter with a design value of 12V input, which requires extremely high requirements for switches and wires. Therefore, reducing the current is the main reason, so two batteries need to be connected in parallel. However, the allowed normal discharge current has doubled. If 24V is used, the current is only 5A. Therefore, many places use high-voltage electrical appliances (such as electric vehicles), which is the reason. But there are also some appliances that are originally 12V. When their power (current) is high, the electric motor, in order to increase the working time of the battery or the current of a single battery is not enough to drive, the battery is only 12V, while some electrical appliances have relatively high power.

Two 6V batteries connected in series are 12V, and only two 12V batteries connected in parallel have a voltage of 12V. The so-called parallel connection is when the positive pole is connected to the positive pole and the negative pole is connected to the negative pole.

Two 12V batteries are connected in series to obtain a higher voltage to adapt to electrical appliances. The battery is only 12V, and some appliances have a higher power output, with a current of 10A above 100W. This requires extremely high requirements for switches and wires. If 24V is used, the current is only 5A, so reducing the current is the main reason. Therefore, many places use high-voltage appliances (such as electric vehicles), which is the same principle. However, there are also some appliances that are originally 12V, For example, an inverter with a design value of 12V input, an electric motor When their power (current) is high, in order to increase the working time of the battery or if the current of a single battery is not enough to drive, two batteries need to be connected in parallel. Although the voltage does not change, the allowed normal discharge current doubles

The main difference between parallel and series batteries is in voltage and capacity. For example, a lithium battery with a voltage of 3.7V and a capacity of 3000mAh has two batteries. If it is in two series, the model of the battery pack is 7.4V/3000mAh. If it is in two parallel, the model becomes 3.7V/6000mAh. When connected in series, the voltage increases while the capacity remains unchanged, while when connected in parallel, the capacity increases while the voltage remains unchanged. But the batteries we often use are all in series and parallel, such as three in series and four in parallel. I hope I can help you.

The parallel voltage of the battery remains unchanged, which can increase the power supply current

Series connection of batteries can increase the supply voltage while maintaining the same current

In a battery pack, multiple batteries are connected in series to obtain the required operating voltage. If higher capacity and greater current are required, then the batteries should be connected in parallel. In addition, there are some battery packs that combine series and parallel methods. A laptop battery may have four 3.6V lithium-ion batteries connected in series, with a total voltage of 14.4V; Then, connect the two sets of batteries connected in series in parallel, so that the total power of the battery pack can be increased from 2000mAh to 4000mAh. This connection method is called "four series and two parallel", which means that two sets of battery packs connected in series by four batteries are connected in parallel.

A battery is generally used in watches, backup memory, and cellular phones. The nominal voltage of a nickel based battery is 1.2V, alkaline battery is 1.5V, silver oxide battery is 1.6V, lead-acid battery is 2V, lithium battery is 3V, and lithium-ion battery is 3.6V. When using lithium-ion polymers and other types of lithium batteries, their rated voltage is generally 3.7V. If you want to obtain an uncommon voltage like 11.1V, you need to connect three of these batteries in series. With the development of modern microelectronics technology, we can now use a 3.6V lithium-ion battery to power cellular phones and low-power portable communication products. In the 1960s, mercury batteries, which were widely used in illuminance meters, have now been completely withdrawn from the market due to environmental protection considerations.

The nominal voltage of nickel based batteries is 1.2V or 1.25V. There is no difference between them, except for market preferences. Most commercial batteries have a voltage of 1.2V per cell; Industrial batteries, special batteries, and special batteries still have a voltage of 1.25 V per cell

parallel

To obtain more power, two or more batteries can be connected in parallel. Another way to connect batteries in parallel is to use larger batteries. Due to the limitations of the available batteries, this method is not applicable to all situations. In addition, large-sized batteries are not suitable for the appearance specifications required for specialized batteries. Most chemical batteries can be used in parallel, and lithium-ion batteries are most suitable for parallel use. A battery pack composed of four parallel batteries maintains a voltage of 1.2V, while the current and operating time increase fourfold.

Compared to series connected batteries, high impedance or "open circuit" batteries have less impact in parallel battery circuits. However, parallel battery packs reduce load capacity and shorten operating time. This is like an engine only starting three cylinders. The damage caused by a short circuit in a circuit will be greater because during a short circuit, the faulty battery will quickly deplete the power of other batteries and cause a fire.

series

Portable devices that require high battery power are usually powered by a battery pack consisting of two or more batteries connected in series. If high voltage batteries are used, the size of conductors and switches can be made very small. Medium priced industrial electric tools generally use batteries with voltages ranging from 12V to 19.2V for power supply; Advanced electric tools use batteries with voltages ranging from 24V to 36V to obtain greater power. The automotive industry ultimately increased the ignition battery voltage of the starter from 12V (actually 14V) to 36V, or even 42V. These battery packs are composed of 18 lead-acid batteries connected in series. In early hybrid cars, the battery pack used for power supply had a voltage of 148V, while newer models used battery packs with voltages ranging from 450V to 500V, mostly nickel based chemical batteries. A nickel metal hydrogen battery pack with a voltage of 480V is composed of 400 nickel metal hydrogen batteries connected in series. Some hybrid cars have also been tested with lead-acid batteries.

A 42V car battery is expensive, and compared to a 12V battery, it generates more arcs on the switch. Another issue with using high-voltage battery packs is the possibility of encountering a failure of one of the batteries in the pack. This is like a chain, the more batteries connected in series, the higher the probability of this situation occurring. As long as there is a problem with a battery, its voltage will decrease. At the end, a disconnected battery may interrupt the delivery of current. Replacing "bad" batteries is not an easy task, as new and old batteries do not match each other. Generally speaking, the capacity of new batteries is much higher than that of old batteries.

Let's take a look at an example of a battery pack, where the third battery only produces a voltage of 0.6V, instead of the normal 1.2V (Figure 1). As the working voltage decreases, it reaches the critical point of discharge faster than a normal battery pack, and its usage time also sharply shortens. Once the device is cut off due to low voltage, the remaining three intact batteries cannot deliver the stored power. At this point, the third battery still exhibits significant internal resistance. If there is still a load, it will cause a significant decrease in the output voltage of the entire battery chain. In a series of batteries, a poorly performing battery acts like a plug that blocks a water pipe, creating a huge resistance that prevents current from flowing through. The third section of the battery will also short-circuit, which will cause the terminal voltage to decrease to 3.6V or disconnect the battery pack link and cut off the current. The performance of a battery pack depends on the performance of the worst battery in the battery pack.

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