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The charging voltage of lithium iron phosphate batteries should be set at 3.65V, with a nominal voltage of 3.2V. Generally, the maximum charging voltage can be 20% higher than the nominal voltage, but if the voltage is too high, it can easily damage the battery. If the voltage is lower than this indicator, there is no overcharging. If the battery is set to a minimum of 3.0V and needs to be charged, then 3.4V is 0.4V higher than the minimum, and 3.6 is 0.6V higher than the minimum. This 0.2V can release half of the energy, which means that each time the battery is charged, it takes half more time to use than 3.4V. As the number of times the battery is used is constant, this increases its lifespan by half. Therefore, increasing the charging voltage without damaging the battery will increase its lifespan

The design of 3.6V charging limits for lithium iron phosphate and other batteries must start from the practical application of lithium batteries, which can fully activate the battery capacity to the maximum without damaging the battery. The number of charging cycles refers to the number of complete charging and discharging cycles. Although there is no overcharging in the design of 3.4V, there will be a small number of people who do not participate in cyclic charging and discharging, and most of them will still have poor performance due to the increase of cycle times, leading to a vicious cycle until they cannot be used. This is the limitation of its lifespan, and the inevitable combination of various harmful and unfavorable factors makes it impossible to maintain the original design parameters in terms of performance.

Batteries have already been widely used in our daily lives. I believe that no one here has never seen a battery before. Batteries have a high status in various aspects of life. Whether it is mobile phones, computers, flashlights, or remote controls, there are batteries inside, which is enough to show that batteries have penetrated into every aspect of our lives. Nowadays, the form of batteries is no longer limited to ordinary batteries, More and more types of batteries are also widely used in our daily lives. Now let me introduce the performance and charging methods of lithium iron phosphate batteries to you!

Charging method for lithium iron phosphate batteries

Lithium ion rechargeable batteries have been widely used. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have become more commonly used due to their unique advantages. The charger of lithium iron phosphate batteries is different from ordinary lithium batteries. The maximum termination charging voltage of lithium batteries is 4.2 volts; The lithium iron phosphate battery is 3.65 volts (some online sources say it cannot exceed 3.8 volts at most). The current question is whether it is possible to use a mobile phone charger (slightly modified) for charging lithium iron phosphate batteries; Alternatively, scrap lithium batteries can be used to protect circuit boards (with slight modifications) for charging protection of lithium iron phosphate batteries

When the current of a series battery is consistent, the one with lower capacity will be fully charged first, but the overall voltage has not reached the charging cut-off voltage. Continuing to charge will overcharge and discharge, and the same will happen. If there are too many cycles, it will be damaged. Therefore, a series battery always has the worst. The protection board is not a single charge, but a protection. If there is no balancing function, the worst one will be fully charged and protected. In fact, the whole is not fully charged. Even if there is a balancing protection board, it is false balancing, By using a bypass resistor to bypass the fully charged battery and continue to charge other batteries, the overall charging effect can be achieved. Due to the limited power of the bypass resistor, usually 100mAh is very large, which is actually a drop in the bucket for the entire battery pack. In fact, balancing series batteries can be said to be a world problem. There is no low-cost high current balancing, and the larger the number of series connections, the more difficult it is to balance. In fact, it is because overcharging and discharging of series batteries are difficult to control, Moreover, lithium batteries suffer from rapid damage and safety issues due to overcharging and discharging. The newly developed lithium iron phosphate has low capacity and energy, and is not as good as lithium batteries in all aspects. It is because it is resistant to overcharging and discharging that it has become popular

The ribbon cable is the detection line of the protection board, which does not require thick wires. The red and black wires are the power supply lines, and thick wires are needed when the current passing through is large. The protection board detects the voltage of each individual cell, which not only protects each cell from discharging but also from charging. Otherwise, it cannot discharge or charge through the protection board, providing protection

When charging, it is the flat cable connected to the balanced charging board, which is usually directly connected in series from both ends to charge as a whole. The voltage of the charger is greater than the voltage of the battery pack. The flat cable detects the voltage of each individual cell, which is equivalent to parallel connection of multiple stabilizing tubes. The charging voltage of each cell will not exceed the stabilizing value, while other individual batteries continue to charge through the bypass of the stabilizing tube. Because at this time, the battery of each cell is close to full charge, and it is only balancing each cell, So the charging current is small, and each battery cell needs to be balanced and fully charged. The charger can only protect the voltage at the end of the entire battery pack. The balanced charging board ensures that each individual cell is overcharged and fully charged, and cannot stop the entire battery pack from charging just because one cell is fully charged

Charging method for lithium iron phosphate batteries

1. Some mobile phone chargers have their own protection, and when the lithium battery voltage reaches 4.2 volts, they stop charging. My idea is to connect a slightly higher power silicon diode (with a forward voltage drop of about 0.6 volts) in series between the lithium iron phosphate battery and the charger. When the lithium iron phosphate battery voltage reaches 3.6 volts and the diode voltage drop is exactly 4.2 volts, it can also be detected by the charger and stop charging

2. The protective circuit of the mobile phone battery is removed and used for charging protection of lithium iron phosphate batteries. According to the above principle, a diode is connected in series during charging to provide 4.2V protection

Lithium iron phosphate battery refers to a lithium-ion battery that uses lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode material. The positive electrode materials of lithium-ion batteries mainly include lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel oxide, ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate, etc. Lithium cobalt oxide is currently the cathode material used by the vast majority of lithium-ion batteries.

Improvement of safety performance

The P-O bond in lithium iron phosphate crystals is stable and difficult to decompose. Even at high temperatures or overcharging, it will not collapse, heat up, or form strong oxidizing substances like lithium cobalt oxide, so it has good safety. A report has pointed out that in actual operations, a small number of samples were found to have combustion phenomena during needle puncture or short circuit experiments, but no explosion incidents occurred. However, in overcharging experiments, high voltage charging significantly exceeding the discharge voltage of the sample was used, and it was found that there were still explosion phenomena. However, its overcharging safety has been greatly improved compared to ordinary liquid electrolyte lithium cobalt oxide batteries.

Improvement of lifespan

Lithium iron phosphate battery refers to a lithium-ion battery that uses lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode material.

The cycle life of long-life lead-acid batteries is about 300 times, with a maximum of 500 times

Lithium iron phosphate battery

Lithium iron phosphate battery

And the lithium iron phosphate power battery has a cycle life of over 2000 times, and can be used for standard charging (5 hour rate) up to 2000 times. A lead-acid battery of the same quality can last for six months, including new and old ones, and maintenance and upkeep, with a maximum lifespan of 1-1.5 years. However, when used under the same conditions, lithium iron phosphate batteries have a theoretical lifespan of 7-8 years. Overall, the cost performance ratio is more than 4 times that of lead-acid batteries in theory. High current discharge can quickly charge and discharge at a high current of 2C. With a dedicated charger, the battery can be fully charged within 40 minutes at 1.5C, and the starting current can reach 2C. However, lead-acid batteries do not have this performance.

Good high-temperature performance

The electric heating peak of lithium iron phosphate can reach 350 ℃ -500 ℃, while lithium manganese oxide and lithium cobalt oxide are only around 200 ℃. The working temperature range is wide (-20C -+75C), and it has high temperature resistance. The electric peak of lithium iron phosphate can reach 350 ℃ -500 ℃, while lithium manganese oxide and lithium cobalt oxide are only around 200 ℃.

Large capacity

It has a larger capacity than ordinary batteries (such as lead-acid). 5AH-1000AH (monomer)

No memory effect

Rechargeable batteries often operate under conditions of being fully charged but not fully discharged, and their capacity quickly drops below the rated capacity value. This phenomenon is called memory effect. Nickel hydrogen and nickel cadmium batteries have memory, while lithium iron phosphate batteries do not have this phenomenon. Regardless of the state of the battery, it can be charged and used at any time without the need to discharge it before charging.

Lightweight

The volume of lithium iron phosphate batteries with the same specifications and capacity is two-thirds of the volume of lead-acid batteries, and the weight is one-third of lead-acid batteries.

environment protection

This battery is generally considered to be free of any heavy metals and rare metals (nickel hydrogen batteries require rare metals), non-toxic (SGS certified), pollution-free, and in compliance with European RoHS regulations. It is an absolute green and environmentally friendly battery certificate. So the reason why lithium batteries are favored by the industry is mainly due to environmental considerations. Therefore, this battery has been included in the "863" National High tech Development Plan during the "15th Five Year Plan" period, becoming a key project supported and encouraged by the state for development. With China's accession to the WTO, the export volume of electric bicycles from China will rapidly increase, and electric bicycles entering Europe and America are required to be equipped with pollution-free batteries.

However, some experts suggest that the environmental pollution caused by lead-acid batteries mainly occurs in the non-standard production process and recycling process of enterprises. Similarly, lithium batteries belong to the new energy industry, but they cannot avoid the problem of heavy metal pollution. Lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, chromium, etc. may be released into dust and water during metal material processing. The battery itself is a chemical substance, so it may generate two types of pollution: first, pollution from process excreta in production engineering; The second is battery pollution after scrapping.

Lithium iron phosphate batteries also have their drawbacks, such as poor low-temperature performance, low solid density of positive electrode materials, and larger volume of lithium ion batteries such as lithium cobalt oxide with equal capacity. Therefore, they do not have advantages in micro batteries. When used in power batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, like other batteries, need to face battery consistency issues.

Comparison of power batteries

At present, the most promising cathode materials for power lithium-ion batteries are modified lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), and nickel cobalt manganese oxide (Li (Ni, Co, Mn) O2) ternary materials. Due to the lack of cobalt resources and high price fluctuations with nickel and cobalt, the nickel cobalt manganese oxide ternary material is generally believed to be difficult to become the mainstream of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles. However, it can be mixed with spinel lithium manganese oxide within a certain range.

Industry applications

Carbon coated aluminum foil brings technological innovation and industrial upgrading to the lithium battery industry

Improve the performance of lithium battery products and improve the discharge rate [1]

With the increasing demand for battery performance from domestic battery manufacturers, it is widely recognized in China that new energy battery materials include conductive materials&conductive coated aluminum foil/copper foil.

Its advantage lies in the fact that when dealing with battery materials, it often has good high rate charging and discharging performance, larger specific capacity, but poor cycle stability, severe attenuation, and other reasons that require making choices and giving up.

Product application, in the golf cart battery pack

Product application, in the golf cart battery pack

This is a magical coating that enhances the performance of batteries and ushers them into a new era.

A conductive coating is composed of dispersed nano conductive graphite coated particles, etc. It can provide excellent static conductivity and is a protective energy absorbing layer. It can also provide good covering and protective performance. The coating is water-based and solvent based, and can be applied to aluminum sheets, copper sheets, stainless steel, aluminum and titanium bipolar plates.

Carbon coating brings the following improvements to the performance of lithium batteries

1. Reduce the internal resistance of the battery and suppress the dynamic increase in internal resistance during charging and discharging cycles;

2. Significantly improve the consistency of battery packs and reduce battery pack costs;

3. Improve the adhesion between the active material and the current collector, and reduce the manufacturing cost of the electrode;

4. Reduce polarization, improve rate performance, and reduce thermal effects;

5. Prevent the corrosion of electrolyte on the current collector;

6. Comprehensive factors can extend the battery's lifespan.

7. Coating thickness: Conventional single-sided thickness 1-3 μ M.

In recent years, Japan and South Korea have mainly developed power lithium-ion batteries using modified lithium manganese oxide and nickel cobalt lithium manganese oxide ternary materials as cathode materials, such as Panasonic EV Energy Company jointly established by Toyota and Panasonic, Hitachi, Sony, Shin Kobe Electric, NEC, Sanyo Electric, Samsung, and LG. The United States mainly develops power lithium-ion batteries using lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode material, such as A123 Systems and Valence. However, major automobile manufacturers in the United States choose manganese based positive electrode materials for power lithium-ion batteries in their PHEVs and EVs. It is said that A123 is considering entering the field of lithium manganese oxide materials, while European countries such as Germany mainly adopt cooperation with battery companies from other countries to develop electric vehicles, Such as the alliance between Daimler Benz and France's Saft, and the cooperation agreement between Volkswagen of Germany and Sanyo of Japan. Currently, Volkswagen in Germany and Renault in France are also developing and producing power lithium-ion batteries with the support of their respective governments.

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